Term
| Anticentromere antibodies |
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Definition
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Term
| Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies |
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Definition
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Term
| Anti-glomerular BM antibodies |
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Definition
| Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis) |
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Term
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Definition
| Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide) |
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Term
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Definition
| Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere’s deformity) |
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Term
| Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) |
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Definition
| Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension) |
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Term
| Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) |
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Definition
Vasculitis
c-ANCA = Wegener’s
p-ANCA = microscopic polyangiitis, Churg Strauss |
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Term
| Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA) |
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Definition
| SLE (type III hypersensitivity) |
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Term
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Definition
| Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) |
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Term
| Anti-topoisomerase antibodies |
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Definition
| Diffuse systemic scleroderma |
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Term
| Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies |
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Definition
| Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss) |
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Term
| “Apple core” lesion on abdominal X-ray |
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Definition
| Colo-rectal carcinoma (usually left sided) |
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Term
| Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts |
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Definition
| Auer rods (AML, especially the M3-promyelocytic type) |
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Term
|
Definition
Sensitive: Strep pyogenes (Group A);
Resistant: Strep agalaciae (Group B) |
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Term
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Definition
| Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27) |
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Term
| Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs |
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Definition
| Howell Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen) |
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Term
| Basophilic stippling of RBCs |
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Definition
| Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| “boot shaped” heart on x ray |
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Definition
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Term
| Branching gram + rods with sulfur granules |
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Definition
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Term
| Bronchogenic apical lung tumor |
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Definition
| Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome) |
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Term
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Definition
Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to
1. Hyperparathyroidism
Osteitis fibrosa cystica |
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Term
| Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy |
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Definition
| Chagas’ disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) |
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Term
| Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule |
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Definition
| Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis |
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Term
| “Chocolate cysts” of the ovary |
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Definition
| Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries) |
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Term
| Circular grouping of dark tumor cell cells surrounding pale neurofibrils |
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Definition
| Homer Wright Rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma) |
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Term
| Colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in the lungs |
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Definition
| Cystic fibrosis (AR, mutation in CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs) |
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Term
| Decreased alpha-feto protein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum |
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Definition
| Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality |
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Term
| Degeneration of dorsal column nerves |
|
Definition
| Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis) |
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|
Term
| Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra |
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Definition
| Parkinson’s disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia) |
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Term
| Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum |
|
Definition
| Curschmann’s spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs) |
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Term
| Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid |
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Definition
| Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary) |
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Term
| Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia |
|
Definition
| Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer) |
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Term
| Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies |
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Definition
| “owl’s eye” appearance of CMV |
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|
Term
| Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei |
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Definition
| “Orphan Annie” eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid) |
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|
Term
| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in liver cells |
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Definition
| Mallory Bodies (alcoholic liver disease) |
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|
Term
| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell |
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Definition
| Lewy Bodies (Parkinson’s disease) |
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Term
| Eosinophilic globule in liver |
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Definition
| Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever) |
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Term
| Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells |
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Definition
| Rabies virus (Lyssa virus) |
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Term
| Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain) |
|
Definition
| Senile Plaques (Alzheimer’s disease) |
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Term
| Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (owl’s eye) |
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Definition
| Reed-sternberg cell (Hodgkin’s lymphoma) |
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Term
| Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells |
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Definition
| Schiller Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor) |
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Term
| “Hair-on-end” (crew cut) appearance on x ray |
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Definition
| Beta thalassemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo) |
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Term
| Heart nodules (granulomatous) |
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Definition
| Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Infectious mononucleosis (EBV) |
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Term
| Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions |
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Definition
| Bronchial asthma (Charcot Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules) |
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Term
|
Definition
| DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC |
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|
Term
| Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify) |
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Definition
| Ghon complex (primary TB: Mycobaterium bacilli) |
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|
Term
| “honeycomb lung” on X ray |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Hypersegmented neutrophils |
|
Definition
Megaloblastic anemia
(B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms, Folate deficiency: no neurologic sx) |
|
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Term
| Hypochromic, microcytic anemia |
|
Definition
| Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present) |
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Term
| Increased alpha fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum |
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Definition
| Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects) |
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Term
| Increased uric acid levels |
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Definition
| Gout; Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics |
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Term
| Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet like bodies |
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Definition
| Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV) |
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Term
| Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum |
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Definition
| Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: inc chance of mesothelioma) |
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Term
| Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency |
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Definition
| Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation) |
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Term
| “lead pipe” appearance of colon on X-ray |
|
Definition
| Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra) |
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|
Term
| Linear appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) |
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|
Term
| “lumpy-bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence |
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Definition
| Post-streptococcal GN (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b) |
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|
Term
| Lytic (“hole punched”) bone lesions on x-ray |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Mammary gland ("blue domed”) cyst |
|
Definition
| Fibrocystic change of the breast |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA)
2. Monocloncal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS); normal consequence of aging
3. Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM macroglobulinemia
4. Primary amyloidosis |
|
|
Term
| Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine |
|
Definition
| Bence Jones protein (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine]), Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (IgM) |
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Term
| Mucin filled cell with peripheral nucleus |
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Definition
| Signet ring (gastric carcinoma) |
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|
Term
| Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph |
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Definition
| “String sign” (Crohn’s disease) |
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|
Term
| Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals |
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Definition
| Gout (monosodium urate crystals) |
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|
Term
| Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli |
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Definition
| Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy) |
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Term
|
Definition
Sensitive: Staph epidermidis
Resistant: Staph saprophyticus |
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|
Term
| “Nutmeg” appearance of liver |
|
Definition
| Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure |
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Term
| “Onion skin” periosteal reaction |
|
Definition
| Ewing’s sarcoma (malignant round cell tumor) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Sensitive: Strep pneumoniae
Resistant: Strep viridans |
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|
Term
| Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area |
|
Definition
| Codman’s triangle on X ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome) |
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Term
| Polished, “ivory like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion |
|
Definition
| Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis) |
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Term
| Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau |
|
Definition
| Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer’s disease and CJD) |
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|
Term
| Pseudopalisaidng tumor cells on brain biopsy |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells |
|
Definition
| Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor) |
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|
Term
| Renal epithelial casts in urine |
|
Definition
| Acute toxic/viral nephrosis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Papillary thyroid carcinoma; Serous cyst adenocarcinoma of ovary, meningioma, mesothelioma |
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|
Term
| Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent |
|
Definition
| Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells (“starry sky” appearance on histology) |
|
Definition
| Burkitt Lymphoma (t[8;14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; “black sky” made up of malignant cells” |
|
|
Term
| Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons |
|
Definition
| Pick bodies (Pick’s disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality) |
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|
Term
| “Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on X ray |
|
Definition
| Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign) |
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|
Term
| Stippled vaginal epithelial cells |
|
Definition
| “Clue cells” (Gardnerella vaginalis) |
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|
Term
| “spikes” on basement membrane, “dome like sub-epithelial deposits |
|
Definition
| Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma) |
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|
Term
| “Tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells |
|
Definition
| Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma) |
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|
Term
| Thrombi made of white/red layers |
|
Definition
| Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs) |
|
|
Term
| “Thumb sign” on lateral X ray |
|
Definition
| Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae) |
|
|
Term
| Thyroid-like appearance of kidney |
|
Definition
| Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis |
|
|
Term
| “tram track” appearance on LM |
|
Definition
| Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles |
|
Definition
| Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly) |
|
|
Term
| “Wire loop” glomerular appearance on LM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Xanthocrhomia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage) |
|
|
Term
| S-100 Ag positive tumor; elongated cells, regular oval nuclei, areas of dense and loose cellularity |
|
Definition
| Schwannoma (Antoni A and Antoni B areas) |
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