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| according to Wechsler:"the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment" |
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| The field of psychology that deals with the measurement of human abilities such as intelligence |
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| many psychologists assume there is a central, general intellectual capacity, which influences the way we approach a number of tasks |
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| an intelligence test designed to measure g (average is 100) |
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| Named after James Flynn (1987), documented that IQ went up due mainly to advances in education, technology, and more people engaged in intellectually stimulating careers |
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| crystallized intelligence |
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| cognitive ability dependent on education and experience. consists of skills we learnas growing up in given culture. on standardized tests measured by vocab, verbal comprehension |
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| basic set of abilities under influence of biological processes. abstract reasoning. most memory tests are part of fluid intelligence, also abstract math |
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| The ability to retain or store information and retrieve it when necessary |
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| 1st step in memory: initial step as information is picked up by the senses and processed briefly by the perceptual system |
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| 2nd step in memory: information held for several seconds, either discarded or encoded for long -term |
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| 3rd step in memory: memories encoded for a long term |
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| Short-term memory. passive maintenance of memory in short-tem store |
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| Test of primary or short -term memory, randomly arranged digits must be repeated in exact order |
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The amount of information we can hold in mind while performing some type of operation on it.
Declines rapidly with age
Associated with performing most cognitive tasks |
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Process involved in regulating attention,
ability to resist interference, selectively attend to information, and cognitive flexibility (switching btween tasks) |
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refers to knowledge that is available to conscious awareness.
Can be directly assessed by tests of recall or recognition memory |
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| 1 type of declarative memory: knowledge of language, rules and concepts. Generally remains stable as aging occurs |
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| 2nd type of declarative memory - ability to recall events |
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| Exception to semantic memory stability. know the word you want, can't locate it. |
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| Related to word-finding failure. Inability to recall a name |
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| nondeclarative (procedural) memory |
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Definition
Memory system responsible for skill learning and retention. Once learned the skills become automatic not available to conscious awareness (driving, riding bike)
little change with aging except when combined with speeded performance |
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remembering to do something in the future (call for appt etc)
declines w/age, especially if it involves interfering materials or activity |
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| Proponents believe that traditional lab studies fail to consider cognitive processes across adulthood, and appear in a different light when age-rlated contexts are considered |
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| adaptive nature of cognition |
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| as we age our lives change, and we adapt our cognitive styles to those changes. |
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| When members of a group are aware of a negative stereotype, and experience anxiety when put in a position which could confirm the stereotype (ex, aging adults and memory loss) |
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| Older adults remember more positive figures than negative,and are more apt to direct their attention away from negative stimuli |
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| Theory which states"young people view time as expansive, focus on the future, so invest time in new activities to expand horizons. Older view time as limited, so direct attention to emotionally meaningful aspects of life, thus emphasize positive aspects of experiences |
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| sociobiographical history |
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| The level of professional prestige, social position, and income experienced throughout one's life |
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| a hybrid field that combines psychology with engineering to uncover real-world problems people have and locate or create devices that will solve them. |
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| mechanical and electronic devices designed to assist w ADL's |
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| useful field of view (UFOV) |
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| The area of the visual field that can be processed in one glance.Better predictor of driving ability than visual acuity. Decreases when individual is preoccupied |
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| exploring how adults think as they go about thier daily lives |
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