Term
| oligodendrocyte depletion seen in MS & this other disease (infection-related) |
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Definition
| PML (JC virus infection seen in immunocompromised) |
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Term
| cyclosporin & tacrolimus inhibit this signaling protein. The end effect is stop signaling from this molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
| people modify their behavior because they are being watched |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of conditioning is "white coat syndrome" |
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Definition
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Term
| betel nut chewing & N-nitroso compounds are risk factors for this esophageal cancer in asian countries. What are the major risk factors in the US? |
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Definition
- squamous esophageal cancer
- drinking & smoking are synergistic |
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Term
what cell type mediates local defense agains candida?
what cell is needed systemic defense? (i.e. prevention of hematogenous dissemination) |
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Definition
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Term
antiepileptic causing generalized lymphadenopathy.
Also causes hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia, SLE-like syndrome.
Has 0-order kinetics & causes cleft lip/palate |
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Definition
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Term
DOC for DVT
DOC for DVT in pregnancy? |
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Definition
- warfarin
- heparin (warfarin is teratogenic) |
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Term
| Homeobox genes are generally what type of gene? |
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Definition
| DNA-binding transcription factors |
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Term
| blocking the B1 receptor would do what to renin? |
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Definition
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Term
| differentiate marfan & ED |
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Definition
Marfan: long arms, fingers; skinny; scoliosis; aortic aneurisms; ectopia lentis; mitral valve prolapse
ED: hyperextendible joints; super stretchable skin (rubber-person syndrome); easy bleeding/bruising; hemarthroses; |
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Term
| H2 blocker causing gynecomastia & increasing warfarin, phenytoin, propranolol, metoprolol, quinidine, & theophyline levels in blood |
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Definition
| cimetidine (p450 inhibitor) |
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Term
| what are feedback inhibitors for FSH & LH in men |
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Definition
LH: testosterone, DHT, DHEA
FSH: inhibin B (sertoli cells) |
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Term
Curlings ulcers?
Cushings ulcers? |
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Definition
- proximal duodenal ulcers in pts w/ severe burns/trauma
- ulcers in esophagus, stomach, or duodenum in pts w/ high intracranial pressure |
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Term
| suppression vs repression |
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Definition
suppression is conscious (& mature)
repression is unconscious |
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Term
| brain tumor w/ a big cystic space filled w/ brownish, cholestrol-rich fluid |
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Definition
craniopharyngioma (rathke's pouch tumor)
commonly cause headache, growth failure, bitemporal hemianopsia |
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Term
| antihypertensive drug class that causes pitting edema |
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Definition
calcium channel blockers (i.e. "-dipine")
NOTE: this is NOT caused by Na retention, but rather afferent vasodilation & increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (source = goodman&gillman) |
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Term
| erythema chronicum migrans: name the pathogen |
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Definition
| B.burgdorferi (lyme disease) |
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Term
give heparin --> thrombocytopenia --> paradoxical hypercoaguability
what do you treat this condition with? |
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Definition
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia:
heparin binds platelet factor 4 (PF4) ---> IgG made against PF4 --> platelets removed by spleen (TYPE 2 HYPERSENSITIVITY)
Treat this condition w/ argatroban (direct thrombin inhibitor) |
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Term
| Blood cell tumors in trisomy 21 |
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Definition
1) AML (M7, i.e. megakaryoblastic) <5y.o.
2) ALL >5 y.o. |
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Term
recurrent sinopulmonary & otitis media by encapsulated bacteria (H.flu, S.pneumo)
Reccurent GI infections from viral, bacterial, & G.lamblia
Has anaphylactic reaction when being transfused with O-neg packed RBCs |
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Definition
selective IgA deficiency;
These pts have IgG against IgA, thus IgA in the transfusion will trigger anaphylaxis) |
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Term
| where are the neutrophil foci in psoriasis & dermatitis herpetiformis? |
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Definition
Psoriasis: in stratum corneum
Dermatitis Herpetiformis: in pili |
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Term
| Are there melanocytes in vitiligo? |
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Definition
| no, they are gone (possibly destroyed via autoimmune reaction) |
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Term
| serum sickness like prodrome followed by increasing liver enzymes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
pericarditis following acute MI (weeks to months)
NOTE: this is the more rare form of pericarditis associated w/ an MI. The immediate pericarditis is more common.
NOTE: Dressler's syndrome is an autoimmune reaction due to antibodies made against pericardium during MI . Pericardial effusion may lead to tamponade in lethal cases. DOC is ASA or colchicine. Can't use heparin b.c. it'll cause a lethal bleed resulting in tamponade |
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Term
| mechanism by which HBV causes hepatocellular carcinoma |
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Definition
etiology is still not completely elucidated, however the following is known:
HBV incorporates into genome --> viral gene "HBx" activates synthesis of IGF2 & IGF1-receptors --> stimulation of cell proliferation
Also: other HBV gene products suppress p53.
Also: chronic inflammation & regeneration in liver facilitates accumulation of mutations leading to carcinogenesis |
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Term
what are the following risk factors for?:
- HCV
- HBV
- Aflatoxins (aspergillus spp.)
- alcoholic cirrhosis
- hemochromatosis |
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Definition
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Term
| abdominal pain & distention, along with fever, diarrhea & signs of shock in a person with IBD (esp ulcerative colitis) |
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Definition
Toxic megacolon
A PLAIN X-RAY PLATE IS FIRST STEP IN MANAGEMENT (barium contrast & colonoscopy are contraindicated due to risk of perforation)
etiology of toxic megacolon consists of complete cessation of neuromuscular activity --> rapid colonic distention --> intestinal wall thins & become prone to rupture |
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