Term
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Definition
| the palpable manifestation of a cardiac murmur. Any murmur can be palpated as a thrill (feels like a purring cat) |
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Term
| what aortic arch does the ductus arteriosus derive from? |
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Definition
6th; this is the arch gives rise to pulmonary arteries & DA
(4th arch is the aorta) |
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Term
| what embryologic structure forms the smooth portion of the ventricles? |
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Definition
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Term
| female working out w/ osteoporosis & enlarged parotids |
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Definition
anorexia nervosa
Female athlete triade: eating disorder, amenorrhea, osteoporosis
anorexia can have vomiting, but is distinguished from bulemia by concept of body. Anorexics must have a BMI<17.5 (~15% below normal), refusal to maintain weight, amenorrhea. Other stigmata may include downy hair (lanugo), dry skin, bruising, bradycardia/arrhythmias, & osteoporosis |
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Term
| difference between projection & identification |
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Definition
projection is transplanting your own unacceptable impulses onto another person/situation;
Identification is modeling behavior after someone who is perceived to be more powerful (abused child becomes abusive parent) |
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Term
cerebellar ataxia, telangiectasias, & sinopulmonary infections
(which Ig is low?) |
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Definition
ataxia-telangiectasia; "ATM" gene (DNA break-repair)
immune deficiency manifests as an IgA deficiency --> predispose to infections of upper & lower airways |
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Term
| where is COX2 expressed? What directly binds COX2? What is the molecular weight? |
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Definition
- Only expressed in activated inflammatory cells
- Aspirin irreversibly binds COX2 (& COX1)
- 72kD |
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Term
| ataxia, myoclonus & vision problems in a younger person that isn't vaccinated? |
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Definition
SSPE (measles); oligoclonal bands of Ig is found in the CSF of these people
note, paramyxovirus has HG & NM |
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Term
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Definition
measles (paramyxo; -ssRNA)
JC virus (polyoma; dsDNA) |
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Term
| which NF has bilateral acoustic neuromas |
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Definition
NF2 (Chr22; "merlin")
NF1 = cafe-au-lait; multiple neurofibromas; lisch nodules; Pheochromocytoma; optic gliomas; (Chr17, "neurofibromin") |
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Term
| use of hydroxychloroquine & major SE> |
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Definition
- SLE (also seronegative RA)
- Permanent retinal damage |
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Term
| stomatitis & heptatotoxicity w/ this DMARD? How do you treat these SE? |
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Definition
- Methotrexate
- folic acid supplementation reduces stomatitis |
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Term
| pharyngoconjunctivitis (fever, throat pain, red eyes, cervical lymphadenopathy) outbreak in group of people living in close quarters (military barracks, camp dormitories) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
immediately upstream of AUG start codon on mRNA. gccRccAUG...
The "R" has to be a purine (A or G), if not, (e.g. mutated to C), the ribosome will not bind to mRNA & protein will not be translated.
This is the defect in Beta-thalassemia intermedia (will see microcytosis on smear) |
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Term
| does urea increase or decrease in concentration in the proximal tubule? |
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Definition
increase (sort of like Cl-, i.e. increases in first 1/3 and then starts to level off in concentration)
the urea/Cl- mirror bicarb & Pi reabsorption, i.e. bicarb/Pi go down |
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Term
| cytokines that mediate septic reaction |
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Definition
TNF-alpha, IL1, IL6
(Same ones that cause fever)
IL1: Fever, adhesion molecules, induces chemokine secretion
IL6: Fever, production of acute-phase proteins
TNF-a: Vascular leak & leukocyte recruitment (septic shock)
All are secreated by Macrophages. IL6 is also secreted by Th |
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Term
| very high fever in a smoker, accompanied by diarrhea, confusion, cough, chest pain & hyponatremia |
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Definition
Legionarre's disease
L.pneumophila (gram-negative rod; intracellular) |
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Term
name which drug is a first or second generation antihistamine:
- Diphenhydramine
- Loratadine
- Fexofenadine
- Desloratadine
- Dimenhydrinate
- Chlorpheniramine
- Cetirizine |
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Definition
- Diphenhydramine: 1st
- Loratadine: 2nd
- Fexofenadine: 2nd
- Desloratadine: 2nd
- Dimenhydrinate: 1st
- Chlorpheniramine: 1st
- Cetirizine: 2nd
remember that second generation drugs have minimal (if any) antimuscarinic, anti-alpha-andrenergic & sedating effects (latter b.c. of decreased CNS penetration)) |
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Term
| treatment for toxicity associated w/ nitroprusside overdose |
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Definition
Sulfur (sodium thiosulfate) to treat cyanide toxicity
First you give nitrates (bind CN to methemoglobin), then give sulfur to make thiocyanin, which is less toxic |
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Term
| first line & adjuct therapy for managing hypertriglyceridemia |
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Definition
1st line: fibrate
if still high: add niacin |
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Term
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Definition
pituitary
parathyroid
pancreas |
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Term
| antiviral that causes crystal nephropathy |
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Definition
| acylcovir TREAT W/ AGGRESSIVE IV HYDRATION |
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Term
| Circulating IgG4 against PLA2 receptor |
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Definition
| idiopathic membranous nephropathy |
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Term
| this esophageal pathology mimics angina |
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Definition
| diffuse esophageal spasms (DES) |
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Term
| motile G(+) rod w/ narrow zone of beta-hemolysis |
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Definition
L.monocytogenese
- tumbling motility @ 22C
- can grow @ 4C
- facultative intracellular (needs intact CMI to destroy)
- only G(+) bug to produce LPS
- meningiti/septicemia in newborns, pregnant women, elderly, immunocompromised
- |
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Term
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Definition
yes
low grade dysplasia --> high grade dysplasia/CIS --> invasive carcinoma
(once CIS, it is no longer reversible) |
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