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4.5 Derm Vascular
By Dr.
47
Medical
Professional
04/07/2012

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Cards

Term
Histamine causes what kinds of symptoms in the skin?
Definition
edema and pruritis
Term
Urticaria is edema of the...
Definition
superficial dermis
Term
Angioedema is edema of the...
Definition
deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue
Term
Urticaria and angioedema are both mediated by...
Definition
histamine released from mast cells
Term
Urticaria are mediated by what immunoglobulin?
Definition
IgE
Term
What are the different types of urticaria?
Definition
atopic diathesis, specific antigen sensitivity, physical urticaria, contact
Term
What drug can cause angioedema?
Definition
side effect of ACE inhibitors
Term
What are teh immune mediated causes of angioedema?
Definition
allergy to hymenoptera venom (bee sting), shellfish, nuts, pollens
Term
What is the definition of chronic urticaria?
Definition
episodes occuring over more than 6 weeks without an identified cause
Term
How do you treat chronic urticaria?
Definition
antihistamines (second generation), avoid agents that alter arachidonic acid metabolism (aspirin, NSAIDS, Azo dyes), avoid mast cell degranulators (curare, contrast media, opiates)
Term
What are the prodromal symptoms of erythema multiforme?
Definition
there are none, they just have acute eruptions on skina nd mucous membranes
Term
T/F Erythema multiforme commonly recurs.
Definition
true
Term
What is the most common cause of SJS and TEN?
Definition
drugs (sulfa drugs most commonly, also NSAIDS, and anticonvulsants)
Term
T/F Erythema multiforme, SJS and TEN all have a similar prodrome.
Definition
false; erythema multiforme doesn't have a prodrome, SJS and TEN commonly have a prodrome
Term
Where do SJS and TEN occur?
Definition
involves 2 or more mucosal sites
Term
Describe the appearance of erythema annulare centrifugum?
Definition
slowly enlarging annular erythema with a trailing scale
Term
What causes erythema annulare centrifugum?
Definition
unknown etiology, possible reaction to infection (especially tinea)
Term
What type of lesion presents as slowly enlarging circle of erythema with a trailing scale?
Definition
erythema annulare centrifugum
Term
What is the vector of lyme disease?
Definition
ixodes scapularis
Term
What is the name for the cutaneous marker of lyme disease?
Definition
erythema chronicum migrans
Term
How can you tell the difference between erythema chronicum migrans and erythema annulare centrifugum?
Definition
erythema chronicum migrans has no scale and is associated with a tick bite
Term
What organism causes erythema chronicum migrans?
Definition
Borrelia burgdorferi
Term
What is the cutaneous marker of rheumatic fever?
Definition
erythema marginatum rheumaticum
Term
What does erythema marginatum rheumaticum look like?
Definition
rings or segments of rings, flat or indurated; lesions fade in a few hours but there are recurrent crops
Term
What does necrolytic migratory erythema look like?
Definition
arcuate/annular and gyrate areas of blistering and erosive erythema
Term
What kind of hypersensitivity occurs with topical application of a drug?
Definition
type IV
Term
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is anaphylaxis?
Definition
type I
Term
What type of drug administration most commonly causes anaphylaxis?
Definition
IV
Term
What drugs are the most common causes of anaphylaxis?
Definition
penicillins
Term
What Ig mediates anaphylaxis?
Definition
IgE
Term
What type of hypersensitivity is serum sickness?
Definition
type III (circulating immune complexes)
Term
T/F Drugs can exacerbate preexisting dermatologic disease without being associated with an immunologic reaciton.
Definition
true
Term
What term describes a rupture on a mucous membrane?
Definition
enanthem
Term
What is an exanthem?
Definition
skin erruption accompanying an infectious disease
Term
What is a "simple exanthem"?
Definition
cutaneous drug eruption alone
Term
What is the most common drug eruption?
Definition
simple exanthem
Term
What is the most common cause of simple exanthems?
Definition
antibiotics
Term
What are complex exanthems?
Definition
hypersensitivity syndromes like DRESS
Term
What is DRESS?
Definition
complex exanthem= Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic symptoms (fever, LAD, hepatitis, nephritis)
Term
What is the most common cause of complex exanthems such as DRESS?
Definition
anticonvulsants
Term
What is red man syndrome?
Definition
due to elevated blood histamine caused by IV vancomycin; causes macular erythema, pruritus, heat hypotension
Term
How do you treat red man syndrome?
Definition
decrease rates of infusion and pretreat with antihistamines
Term
What causes photosensitivity reactions?
Definition
drugs like NSAIDS and sulfa + sunlight (UVA most commonly)
Term
T/F Photosensitivity reactions are located everywhere, not just sun exposed areas.
Definition
false! only on sun exposed areas
Term
Describe the morphology of a fixed drug reaction?
Definition
well defined red plaque that may form a blister; prolonged post inflammatory hyperpigmentation is very common and recurs at same site with each exposure of medication
Term
T/F Fixed drug reactions are caused by a localized release of histamine.
Definition
false
Term
What drugs most commonly cause fixed drug reactions?
Definition
NSAIDS and sulfa drugs
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