Term
|
Definition
| tyrosine (tyrosine hydroxylase)--> DOPA --> DA --> NE |
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Term
| All "psychomotor" stimulants are ____. |
|
Definition
| indirect acting sympathomimetics |
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|
Term
| What is the MOA of cocaine versus amphetamines? |
|
Definition
| cocaine prevents reputake, amphetamines enhance release |
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Term
| What drugs can abolish the effects of CNS stimulants that release catecholamines? |
|
Definition
reserpine= prevents monamine transport to allow DA into vesicles
guanethidine= blocks reputake 1 |
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|
Term
| Peripheral effects of sympathomimetics are due to ___________, central effects due to ___________. |
|
Definition
| increase NE peripherally; increased DA centrally |
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|
Term
| Name some CNS stimulants that work by releasing catecholamines. |
|
Definition
| amphetamine, methamphetamine, dextroamphetamine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, methylphenidate, pemoline |
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|
Term
| What is the difference between ephedrine and pseudoephedrine? |
|
Definition
| pseudoephedrine is also a stereoisomer of ephedrine |
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|
Term
| Besides being as CNS stimulant by causing the release of catecholamines, ephedrine also... |
|
Definition
| is an alpha and beta agonist |
|
|
Term
| What is methylphenidate used to treat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the unique characteristics of pemoline? |
|
Definition
| long acting; caution due to hepatic complications/failure |
|
|
Term
| Name some CNS stimulants that block the reuptake of catecholamines (NE and DA) and serotonin. |
|
Definition
| cocaine, mazindol, sibutramine, modafinil |
|
|
Term
| What is notable about sibutramine? |
|
Definition
| a CNS stimulant that blocks the reuptake of catecohlamines and serotonin and has two active metabolites with relatively long half lives |
|
|
Term
| What are the advantages to using modafinil? |
|
Definition
| no abuse liability (not self administered by rats), possibly be used to treat stimulant withrawal; used by military |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of bupropion? |
|
Definition
| blocks reuptake of DA and EPI |
|
|
Term
| If child can not tolerate first line ADD meds, use... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a relatively selective NE reuptake inhibitor which is marketed as the first non-stimulant for ADHD |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of methylxanthines? |
|
Definition
| adenosine receptor antagonists= relaxes vasculature and smooth muscle |
|
|
Term
| Name a short and a long acting methylxanthine. |
|
Definition
short acting= caffeine
long acting= theophylline |
|
|
Term
| What are teh symptoms of methylxanthine withdrawal? |
|
Definition
| headaches d/t hypotension |
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|
Term
| T/F CNS stimulant withdrawal can cause death. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long-acting methylxanthine found in tea and perscribed for nighttime asthma |
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|
Term
| Drugs that ________________ could also be considered indirect acting adrenergic agonist but they are not traditionally considered to be stimulants. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a complication associated witih entacapone administration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the effects of CNS stimulants? |
|
Definition
| cardiovascular responses, CNS, respiratory, dental, anti-SLUDE |
|
|
Term
| What are the cardiovascular effects of CNS stimulants? |
|
Definition
| can raise both systolic and diastolic pressure (amphetamine) Hr rate can also be reflexively slowed; with large doses, cardiac arrythmias may occur |
|
|
Term
| What are the effects of CNS stimulants on the CNS? |
|
Definition
| main effect includes wakefulness, alertness, decreased sense of fatigue, elevation of mood, increased capacity to concentrate, elation, euphoria and increased motor and speech activities. Many individuals though experience headache, palpitation, dizziness, agitation, confusion and delirium with high doses producing psychotic symptoms |
|
|
Term
| What are the respiratory effects of CNS stimulants? |
|
Definition
| have a direct effect on the medullary respiratory center and increase both the depth and rate of respiration. In normal individuals however, therapeutic doses do not increase respiratory rate or minute volume |
|
|
Term
| What causes the dental problems associated with amphetamines abuse? |
|
Definition
| vasoconstriction + no salivation |
|
|
Term
| Tolerance almost invariably develops what effects of stimulants? |
|
Definition
| anorexigenic effects and mood enhancing effects |
|
|
Term
| Chronic administration with CNS stimulants results in ____. |
|
Definition
| extensive psychological dependence but not physical tolerance |
|
|
Term
| T/F It is important to treat symptoms of withdrawal from CNS stimulants. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of withdrawal from CNS stimulants? |
|
Definition
| dysphoria, depression, sleepiness, fatigue, bradycardia and craving |
|
|
Term
| What are the therapeutic uses of CNS stimulants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is differential tolerance? |
|
Definition
| tolerance to some but not all effects of a drug |
|
|
Term
| T/F Amphetamine-like drugs have been shown to be more effective than placebo in promoting weight loss in short-term, double-blind controlled studies. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of school-aged kids have ADD/ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do CNS stimulants treat narcolepsy? |
|
Definition
| probably a specific effect on the reticular activating system in the brain |
|
|
Term
| What are the contraindications of CNS stimulants? |
|
Definition
| anorexia, insomnia, asthenia, psychopathic personality, or a history of homicidal or suicidal tendencies |
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