Term
nafcillin, methacillin, oxacillin are resistant to what?
MRSA gets resistance to these how? |
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Definition
beta lactimases
alteration in PBP structure (no production of beta lactimases) |
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Term
Oocytes are arrested in what phase:
- in ovary
- after ovulation |
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Definition
- prophase I
- metaphase II |
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Term
| blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, red as a beet, hot as a hare, dry as a bone, the bowel and the bladder lose their tone, and the heart runs alone |
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Definition
atropine poisoning
(urinary retention & constipation) |
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Term
Giardia:
- Where does it adhere?
- What prevents adherance? |
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Definition
- duodenum & jejunum
- secretory IgA |
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Term
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Definition
1) excessive daytime sleepiness
2) cataplexy (loss of muscle tone w/out loss of consciousness)
3) hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations
4) sleep paralysis (can't move after waking) |
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Term
| what is the last cell type to be lost in the bronchial tree? where is it lost? |
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Definition
- cilliated cells
- respiratory bronchioles |
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Term
type of urethral injury in:
- pelvic fracture
- straddle injury |
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Definition
- Posterior urethra (btw bladder & prostate)
- anterior urethra (after prostate & below UG diaphragm, before urethra enters spnogiosum) |
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Term
| in mitral stenosis, the interval between these 2 sounds inversely correlates w/ the severity of the disease? |
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Definition
A2 & OS (opening snap)
the higher the diastolic pressure, the closer it'll be to the end systolic pressure --> the sooner the mitral valve opens
(see question 12 on test 15) |
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Term
| name sequence of events that lead to pulmonary HTN in LV failure |
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Definition
| decreased LV SV --> increased LA pressure --> venous congestion --> pulmonary edema --> alveolar collapse --> hypoxia --> reactive vasoconstriction |
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Term
| What step in glycolysis needs all the cofactors? |
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Definition
alpha-ketoglutarate --> succinyl CoA
Need: thiamine, lipoic acid, CoA, FAD, NAD+
(question where alcoholic gets dextrose w/out thiamine --> acute exacerbation of wernicke encephalopathy: confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia) |
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Term
| majority (80%) of deaths in cystic fibrosis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
SMA compresses transverse duodenum causing intestinal obstruction
occurs after aortomesenteric angle decreases: crash diet (diminished mesenteric fat), lordosis, surgical correction of scoliosis |
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Term
C.diphtheriae:
- shape?
- what does it grow on?
- disease?
- toxin? |
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Definition
- chinese letters
- tellurite agar (black colonies); loffler's medium (metachromatic granules w/ methylene blue staining)
- pseudomembrane/airway obstruction; if systemic: myocarditis & polyneuritis
- AB toxin --> ribosylates & inhibits EF-2 (if systemic, causes myocarditis/polyneuritis) |
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Term
| hypokalemia & hypomagnesemia w/ this antifungal |
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Definition
ampho B (notorious for its renal toxicity)
renal toxicity causes electrolyte disturbances listed which predisposes to arrhythmias (torsades included)
In addition, renal toxicity decreases EPO, which causes anemia
OTHER SE: shake& bake & IV thrombophlebitis |
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Term
MOA of anastrozole
MOA of ketoconazole
MOA of trastuzumab |
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Definition
aromatase inhibitor
inhibits androgen synthesis
HER2/neu receptor antagonist |
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Term
| what donates a nitrogen to citrulline in urea cycle to make arginosuccinate? |
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Definition
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Term
| local, cutaneous effects of chronic topical corticosteroid administration |
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Definition
- atrophy/thinning of dermis (loss of collagen, drying, cracking, +/- tightening of skin)
--atrophic striae
- telangiectasias
- ecchymoses
latter 2 from mild trauma |
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Term
| skin rash, photosensitivity, arthralgias (migratory), and renal disease in a young woman |
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Definition
| SLE: autoimmune, multisystem vasculitis |
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Term
| DOC for trigeminal neuralgia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| MAO-B inhibitor (decreases dopamine metabolism in brain) |
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Term
| differentiate simple-partial & complex-partial seizures |
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Definition
partial seizure: only affects one part of the body (e.g. myoclonic jerks in right arm)
SP: no loss of consciousness
CP: loss of consciousness |
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Term
| person treated for seizures --> comes back w/ blood dyscrasias (aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, etc) |
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Definition
carbamazepine
also is hepatotoxic (monitor LFTs) & associated w/ SIADH! |
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Term
- what binds mRNA first: 30S or 50S?
- Which subunit has the peptidyltransferase function? |
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Definition
- 30S: 16S porthion; has "Shine-Dalgarno sequence" that binds the mRNA ~10 bases upstream of AUG (next steps: initiator tRNA binds AUG --> 50S joins complex --> protein synthesis)
- 50S (23S subunit) |
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Term
| areas succeptible to ischemia in brain? |
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Definition
First: pyramidal cells of hippocampus
other areas: watershed areas; purkinje cells of cerebellum |
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Term
| 3 things people w/ asbestos exposer may develop: |
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Definition
1) asbestosis
2) bronchogenic carcinoma
3) mesothelioma
NOTE: bronchogenic carcinoma most common; mesothelioma is #2! |
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Term
| cancer w/ beta-naphthylamine exposure |
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Definition
bladder carcinoma
(this is a compound that is found in cigarette smoke) |
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