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4.1 Ecosystems Definitions
IB Syllabus
16
Biology
12th Grade
11/01/2015

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Term
Ecology
Definition
study of relations between living organisms and organisms and their environment.
Term
Abiotic factors
Definition
non-living factors of an environment (light/water/soil etc.)
Term
Biotic factors
Definition
living organisms in an environment
Term
habitat
Definition
environment where a species usually lives
Term
species
Definition
group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile young
Term
Speciation
Definition
formation of a new species by splitting of a existing species
Term
population
Definition
group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area at the same time
Term
community
Definition
populations of different species living and interacting with each other
Term
Ecosystem
Definition
a community and its interactions with the abiotic environment
Term
autotroph
Definition
an organism that makes its own organic molecules from simple inorganic substances that it obtains from the abiotic environment
Term
Heterotroph
Definition
an organism that obtains organic molecules from other organisms
Term
Consumer
Definition
heterotroph that feeds on living organisms by ingestion
Term
Detrivore
Definition
a heterotroph that obtains organic molecules from detritus from internal digestion
Term
Detritus
Definition
dead organic matter
Term
Saprotrophs
Definition
heterotrophs that obtain organic nutrients from dead organisms by external digestion (decomposers)
Term
Mesocosm
Definition
small scale model ecosystem
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