Term
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Definition
AB toxin; ADP-ribosylation of EF-2; inhibits protein synthesis --> cell death
ASIDE: contrast this to shiga toxin/verotoxin, which directly inhibits 60S ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
| bias encountered by selecting hospitalize pts as the control group |
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Term
| During inspiration, chest has a higher negative pressure which leads to increased return to the right heart. In addition, the pulmonary veins increase capacitance, decreasing return to the left heart. This causes what to happen to murmurs? |
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Definition
inspiration --> increase right sided murmurs (esp tricuspid regurge)
expiration --> increase left-sided murmurs |
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Term
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Definition
| myeloperoxidase (neutrophilic azurophilic granules) is a heme-containing pigmented molecule |
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Term
| The neuromas in NF1 (cutaneous & subcue) are made up what type of cell? What tissue does this cell come from embryogically? |
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Definition
Schwann cells
neural crest |
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Term
| baby with subdural hematoma & bilateral retinal hemorrhages |
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Definition
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Term
| In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (diastolic dysfunction only) is the LV dilated? is the LVEDP increased? |
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Definition
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Term
| ratio for fetal lung development? |
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Definition
lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) to sphingomyelin ratio (L/S) in the amniotic fluid
>2 = mature lung
give corticosteroids to speed up lung maturity |
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Term
most common lung cancer that is also the most common subtype in women & NON-smokers?
which 2 cancers have a strong association with smoking? |
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Definition
Adenocarcinoma; bronchioalveolar carcinoma is ~10% of lung cancers and is also not associated w/ smoking
squamous & small cell |
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Term
| Dermatome for bicep reflex |
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Definition
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Term
| People who can't generate NADPH from glucose can still generate ribulose-5-phosphate from Fructose-6-phosphate. How? |
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Definition
| reverse the HMP shunt: use transaldolase & transketolase (carry out non-oxidative reactions of HMP shunt) |
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Term
| Drugs that have disulfiram-like effect: |
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Definition
| metronidazole, some cephalosporins, procarbazine, chlorpropamide |
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Term
Toxin A attracts neutrophils --> diarrhea & mucosal death
Toxin B --> actin depolymerization --> cell death & mucosal necrosis
Name the 2 major antibiotics that cause this bacteria to do this? |
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Definition
Ampicillin & clindamycin
This is, of course, C.diff colitis |
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Term
| What type of nerve does C.tetani travel up in initial infection? What does it do to cause tetanospasm? |
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Definition
motor neurons (retrograde transport, i.e. dynein)
C.tetani inhibits inhibitor neurons (i.e. glycine) at nm junctions |
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Term
| neuroleptic that causes corneal deposits? retinal? |
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Definition
chlorpromazine
thioridazine |
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Term
| the 2 hematologic malignancies in down kids? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of UV light do PABA-containing sunscreens protect against? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why can you have an isolated somatic (i.e. muscular) dysfunction of CNIII in diabetes? |
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Definition
| because the parasympathetic & sympathetic fibers have separate blood supplies |
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Term
| diabetes, necrolytic migratory erythema, and anemia |
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Definition
glucagonoma
anemia is thought to arise because of pro-anabolic state induced by glucagon |
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Term
| confirmatory test for celiac? |
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Definition
| intestinal biopsy. IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase & endomysial antibodies are only suggestive |
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Term
| Factors, secreated by macrophages, that decrease the acute inflammatory response |
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Definition
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Term
Most common cause of sepsis in sickle-cell patients?
Most common cause of osteomyelitis in sickle cell pts?
(of course, they are asplenic) |
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Definition
- S.pneumo>H.flu
- Salmonella |
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Term
| mechanism of pancytopenia in SLE? |
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Definition
| peripheral destruction of cells via autoantibody reaction (type II) |
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Term
| What type of testicular tumor can produce hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
| Chriocarcinoma: secrete hCG --> acts like TSH (same family) --> stimulate thyroid |
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Term
| Allosteric positive regulator of pyruvate carboxylase? |
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Definition
| Acetyl CoA: increases pyruvate carboxylase activity --> increase pyruvate to oxaloacetate conversion |
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Term
| Spheres & tubules of surface antigen causes a "ground-glass" appearance of hepatocytes |
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Definition
Hepatitis B
ASIDE: HCV infection has lymphoid aggregates within portal tracts & microvesicular steatosis |
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Term
| screening method for early diabetic nephropathy |
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Definition
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