Term
| How much more common is depression in patients with CAD? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the amount of depression correlated to extent of cardiovascular disease? |
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Definition
| it is related to the symptoms/overall health status but not to ejection fraction or ischemia |
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Term
| What is the single best predictor of cardiac events during the first 12 months following diagnostic coronary angioplasty? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are possible direct pathological effects of depression? |
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Definition
| cortisol dysregulation, altered platelet function, sympathetic tone, immune function |
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Term
| What is the evidence for hypercortisolemia in depressed patients? |
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Definition
| elevated CRF in teh CSF, abnormal suppression of cortisol following dexamethasone, increased numbers of hypothalamic CRF neurons in postmortem tissue of depressed patients |
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Term
| How does depression affect platelets? |
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Definition
| upregulates the 5HT2A receptors |
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Term
| T/F Stroke rates are hihger in patients with elevated depressive symptoms. |
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Definition
| true; they are 2.3 to 2.7x higher in patients with elevated depressive symptoms |
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Term
| What effect does depression have on sympthetic tone? |
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Definition
| reduced heart rate variability and impaired vagal control in depressed patients. Decreased HRV= lower threshold for ventricular tachycardia |
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Term
| How does depression affect the immune system? |
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Definition
| increases proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and CRP |
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Term
| What can CRP levels be a predictor of? |
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Definition
| future morbidity and motality in cardiac patients, predictor of future risk TIA and ischemic stroke |
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Term
| T/F There is a dose dependent relationship between anxiety level and the occurrence of cardiac death. |
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Definition
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Term
| Does Bereavement increase your risk of stress? |
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Definition
| yes; 2x for men, 3x for women |
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Term
| What are type A behaviors? |
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Definition
| competition, hostility, and exaggerated commitment to work |
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Term
| Is type A behavior linked to increased risk of CAD and MI? |
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Definition
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Term
| Relatively small network of social support is associated with a ____x increase in incidence of CAD. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F There is an increase in cardiac death in post-MI patients reporting a low level of emotional support. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F People who are unmarried or have no significant confidant have a 3 fold increase in mortality. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the theory behind why poor social support leads to adverse cardiac events? |
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Definition
| elevated resting heart rates noted in patients with poor social support along with elevated cortisol |
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