Term
| What percent of the night is spent in nonrem sleep? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much time is spent in the different stages of non rem sleep? |
|
Definition
| 1= 5%, 2= 45%, 3= 12%, 4= 13% |
|
|
Term
| What are the vital sign changes that occur in non rem sleep? |
|
Definition
| heart rate slowed to 5 to 10 beats/min; BP and resp slowed with fewer variations |
|
|
Term
| What are the EEG patterns of awake people? |
|
Definition
| low voltage; random, fast |
|
|
Term
| What are the EEG findings of drowsy people? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the EEG findings of stage 1 sleep? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the EEG findings of stage 2 sleep? |
|
Definition
| sleep spindles, K-complexes |
|
|
Term
| What are the EEG findings of stages 3 and 4 sleep? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Dementia can casue insomnia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two types of sleep apnea? |
|
Definition
| obstructive versus central sleep apnea |
|
|
Term
| What is the prevalence of narcolepsy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the underlying problem of narcolepsy? |
|
Definition
| isolated fragments of REM sleep intrude into wakefulness |
|
|
Term
| What are the secondary symptoms of narcolepsy? |
|
Definition
| cataplexy, sleep paralysis, sleep hallucinations |
|
|
Term
| What percent of patients with narcolepsy get cataplexy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does cataplexy last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of cataplexy? |
|
Definition
| sudden weakness precipitated by hieghtened emotional states |
|
|
Term
| When during the course of narcolepsy does cataplexy occur? |
|
Definition
| usually begins approximately 4 years after narcolepsy |
|
|
Term
| What do you call sleep hallucinations that occur on awakening? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you called the sleep hallucinations that occur while your going to sleep? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Narcolepsy is a familial disesae. |
|
Definition
| T/F only a small number of affected families have been identified so no longer considered to be familial |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathophysiologic mechanism of narcolepsy? |
|
Definition
| absence of hypocretin from CSF (99% specific for narcolepsy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neuropeptide synthesized by a small number of neurons in the hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| How do you rule out pseudo-cataplexy on patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnose narcolepsy? |
|
Definition
| multiple sleep latency test |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for narcolepsy? |
|
Definition
| methylphenidate, amphetamines, modafinil, GHB |
|
|
Term
| What is idiopathic hypersomnia? |
|
Definition
| unknown etiology; no sleep-onset REM as in narcolepsy but treated similarly to narcolepsy |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of Kleine-levin syndrome? |
|
Definition
| lengthy but otherwise normal sleep (several days to two weeks); awaken during these periods to consume large quantities of food and display hypersexuality and irritability |
|
|
Term
| Who is the typical patient with Kleine-Levin Syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inappropriate intermittent motor behaviors during sleep |
|
|
Term
| What is REM sleep behavior disorder? |
|
Definition
| when patients act out their dreams in their sleep |
|
|
Term
| Who is the typical patient with REM sleep behavior disorder? |
|
Definition
| usually male and over 50 years old |
|
|
Term
| What diseases are associated with REM sleep behavior disorder? |
|
Definition
| parkinson's and lewy body dementia |
|
|
Term
| Which drugs are suggested as triggers for REM sleep behavior disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you treat REM sleep behavior disorder? |
|
Definition
| rule out epilepsy; treat with modifying environment and hypnotics |
|
|
Term
| What is the medical term for sleepwalking disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When during sleep does sleepwalking occur? |
|
Definition
| first 1/3rd of the night in stages 3 and 4 NREM sleep |
|
|
Term
| Who is the typical patient with somnambulism? |
|
Definition
| usually begins between ages 4 and 8; peaks at age 12; more common in boys, tends to run in families |
|
|
Term
| What are the essential signs and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea? |
|
Definition
| excessive daytime sleepiness; obstructed breathing during sleep |
|
|
Term
| What are the essential polysomnographic findings of obstructive sleep apnea? |
|
Definition
| more than 5 episodes of apnea (>10 seconds) per hour of sleep with evidence of respiratory effort and one of the following: 1) frequent arousals 2) oxygen desaturaiton >4% 3) bradytachycardia |
|
|
Term
| What is the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ages are affected by obstructive sleep apnea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Obstructive sleep apnea is strongly associated with... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the complications of obstructive sleep apnea? |
|
Definition
| HTN, right sided heart failure, CVA, MVA, depression |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat obstructive sleep apnea? |
|
Definition
| CPAP, weight loss, surgery |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of restless leg syndrome? |
|
Definition
| desire to move limbs due to subjective discomfort; worse or exclusively associated with sedentary behavior; worse in evening or night |
|
|
Term
| What is the prevalence of restless leg syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Restless leg syndrome can run in families. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What other diseases are associated with restless leg syndrome? |
|
Definition
| anemia, iron deficiency, diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, and uremia |
|
|
Term
| What are the psychological effects of restless leg syndrome? |
|
Definition
| increased irritability and depression |
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnose restless leg syndrome? |
|
Definition
| based on history; CBC and sleep study to evaluate other disorders can sometimes be useful |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathophysiology of restless leg syndrome? |
|
Definition
| associated with decreased dopamine levels (dopamine antagonists= worsen; dopamine agonists= marked improvements) |
|
|
Term
| What is the proposed physiological link between restless leg syndrome and iron deficiency? |
|
Definition
| iron hypothesized to be cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylase (rate-limiting step in dopamine synthesis) |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for restless leg syndrome? |
|
Definition
| pramipexole, clonazepam, etc. |
|
|
Term
| Does excercise help you sleep? |
|
Definition
| yes; daily exercise can help you sleep but you should really finish at least 4 hours before bedtime |
|
|
