Term
| What are the 3 categories of the glasgow coma scale? |
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Definition
| eye opening, verbal response, motor response |
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Term
| What are the possible scores you can get for eye opening on the glasgow coma scale? |
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Definition
| 4= spontaneously, 3= to speech, 2= to pain, 1= none |
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Term
| What are the verbal response scores on the glasgow coma scale? |
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Definition
| 5= oriented, 4= confused, 3=inappropriate, 2= incomprehensible, 1= none |
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Term
| What are the motor response scores on the glasgow coma scale? |
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Definition
| 6=obeys commands, 5=localizes to pain, 4= withdraws from pain, 3=flexion to pain, 2= extension to pain, 1= none |
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Term
| What is the maximum glasgow coma scale score? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure |
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Term
| At what point is a breathing rate too slow? too fast? |
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Definition
| <8= too slow; >40=too fast |
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Term
| How do you asses for disability? |
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Definition
| AVPU (alert, responds to verbal stimuli, responds to painful stimuli, unresponsive) |
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Term
| What does SAMPLE stand for? |
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Definition
| signs/symptoms, allergies, medications, PMH, Last oral intake, events leading to current problem |
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Term
| What does ROLAIDS stand for? |
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Definition
| radiation, onset, lasting how long, aggravators/relief factors, degree or severity, spreads anywhere (radiation) |
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Term
| Name some causes of changes in mental status? |
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Definition
| toxicity, infection, porphyria/pharmaceuticals, space occupying lesions, seizures, shock, sepsis |
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Term
| What types of things can cause long QT syndrome? |
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Definition
| electrolyte abnormalities, hereditary LQTS, drugs (antiarrhythmics, tricyclics, phenothiazines) |
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|
Term
| What kinds of electrolyte abnormalities cause long QT syndrome? |
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Definition
| decreased K+, decreased Ca, decreased Mg |
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|
Term
| How many cases of TCA overdose are there per year? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the mortality rate of TCA overdose? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of TCA overdose? |
|
Definition
| anti-cholinergic actions: mental status change, febrile, erythema, mydriasis, dry |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the commonly screen toxicologies? |
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Definition
| cocaine, morphine, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, amphetamines, PCP, methadone, THC, heroin, ethanol, codeine |
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Term
| What are the two most common toxicities? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What types of substances count as "alcohol"? |
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Definition
| ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, ethylene glycol |
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|
Term
| What BAC is considered legally drunk? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| At what BAC do you experience coma? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| At what BAC do you experience respiratory depression? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| At what BAC do you experience lethargy, stupor, and vomiting? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| At what BAC do you experience ataxia and slurred speech? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Is AST sensitive or specific for liver disease? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Is ALT sensitive or specific for liver diesease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the AST and ALT in patients with EtOH related liver disease? |
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Definition
| both are elevated but not above 500. AST:ALT ratio= >2.5 |
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Term
| Is PT an early or late marker of liver failure? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of liver disease causes decreased albumin? |
|
Definition
| advanced, end-stage liver disease |
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Term
| Name the viruses that can cause hepatitis? |
|
Definition
| hep A, B, C, D, E, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr, adenovirus |
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|
Term
| What are the three most common types of acute viral hepatitis in the US? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the first marker to rise in HBV? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the window period? |
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Definition
| time between the antigen's disappearance and the antibody's appearance |
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|
Term
| What is the second marker to rise in HBV? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What indicates a patient with HBV is no longer infective? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Anti-HBs rises only after HBsAg is gone. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does it take for anti-HBcIgM to disappear? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the AST and ALT level in viral hepatitis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Periumbilical ecchymosis= |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long do the symptoms of acute pancreatitis last? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are the Ranson criteria for prognosis on admission? |
|
Definition
| glucose >200, age >55y, LDH >350, AST >250, WBC >16 |
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Term
| What are the Ranson criteria for prognosis at 48 hours? |
|
Definition
| calcium less than 8, Hct drops by 10%, paO2 <60, BUN drops by 8, sequestration of >6L fluid |
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|
Term
| What does a ranson score of 3-5 mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a ranson score of more than 5 mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a ranson score of more than 8 mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is amylase sensitive or specific for pancreatitis? |
|
Definition
| sensitive>specific (both rather low but specificity improves with amylase P |
|
|
Term
| How long does it take amylase to return to normal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is LDH specific or sensitive for pancreatitis? |
|
Definition
| sensitive>specific (specificity improves with LDH-4) |
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|
Term
| Is Lipase more sensitive or specific? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does lipase stay elevated for pancreatitis? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| severe RUQ pain to palpation (winces and becomes breathless) |
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|
Term
| Abdominal pain first followed by N/V indicates... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| N/V first followed by abdominal pain indicates.. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Murphy's signs suggests what disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the difference between cholecystitis and cholangitis? |
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Definition
| cholecystitis is GB inflammation usually with stone in cystic duct and cholangitis is due to infection (usually e.coli) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| fever, RUQ pain, and jaundice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| charcot + mental status change + hypotension; suggests cholangitis |
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|
Term
| Is ALP sensitive or specific for biliary disease? |
|
Definition
| sensitive>specific (also present in bone, liver, intestine, placenta) |
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|
Term
| What are findings on CT suggestive of appendicitis? |
|
Definition
| thickened appendix with "target sign," enlargment and accumulation of periappendiceal exudate suggests perforation |
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|
Term
| What is the most common surgical emergency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the incidence of acute appendicitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the typical age range of acute appendicitis? |
|
Definition
| 80% are less than 40 yoa but 20% are adults |
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|
Term
| What is the classical presentation of acute appendicitis? |
|
Definition
| periumbilical first then RLQ pain (McBurney point), anorexia, fever, N/V |
|
|
Term
| What causes malposition of appendix? |
|
Definition
| intestinal malrotation shifts it to LUQ, pregnancy shifts it to RUQ |
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|
Term
| What are the complications of acute appendicitis? |
|
Definition
| perforation (first 24 to 36 hours) |
|
|
Term
| What are the WBC findings in appendicitis? |
|
Definition
| mildly elevated in 85% (range 10-16); neutrophilia (75%) on the differential |
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|
Term
| What are the findings on urinalysis for appendicitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What test for appendicitis has a high negative predictive value? |
|
Definition
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