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| organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually in a ratio of 1:2:1 |
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| large organic molecules composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
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| a carbon compound that contains at least one amino group and one carboxyl group boned to one or more other elements that form a side chain |
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| a substance produced by a cell or gland in one part of the body that affects the function of cells or organs in the other parts of the body |
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| a protein that enables or speeds chemical reactions in cells |
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| organic molecules composed of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen |
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| large, complex molecules made up of smaller molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus |
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| the branch of biology concerned with heredity, the passing characteristics from parent to offspring |
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| characteristic of an organism, such as cell structure or body shape |
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| large organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus |
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| consists of a five-carbon sugar molecule bonded to a nitrogenous base and phosphate group |
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| a molecule of DNA shaped like a twisted later |
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| the nucleotides in each pair of DNA bases |
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| structures that contain the genetic information that is passed down from one generation to the next |
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| small sections of chromosomes |
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| copies this information and transports it to the ribosomes, where proteins are made |
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| the complete process by which cells make proteins |
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| uses DNA as a template, or pattern, to make a complementary strand of RNA |
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| the result is a piece of RNA |
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| a group of three consecutive nitrogenous bases that either codes foe a specific amino acid or marks the end of a protein |
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| the conversion of the information in the mRNA into a sequence of amino acids that make up the specified protein |
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| carries amino acids to the mRNA, they are joined together to make proteins |
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| a set of three nitrogenous bases on a tRNA molecule with bases that are complementary to a codon on an mRNA molecule |
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| RNA that makes up part of the structure of a ribosome and assists in translation |
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| the process by which the information carried in genes is used to make proteins or direct other cell activities |
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| the atoms, molecules, or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
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| the atoms, molecules, or compounds that result from the reaction |
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| a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being changed by the reaction |
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| a protein that serves as a catalyst, enabling or speeding chemical reactions in cells |
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| the reactants in enzyme-catalyzed reactants |
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| a reaction is the minimum amount of energy needed for colliding molecules to react |
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| is the maintenance of stable internal environment in a cell or organism despite changes in its environment. |
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| of a solution describes how acidic or basic the solution is |
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| is a substance that tends to maintain a stable pH |
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| controls the movement of materials into and out of a cell; this is essential for the cell's survival |
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| movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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| movement of materials into or out of the cell without the expenditure of energy |
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| When particles reach this state of equal concentration or balance, the system is in _______. |
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| Plasma membranes are __ __, that is only some kinds of particles can pass through them |
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movement of water molecules into selectively permeable membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration or
diffusion of water |
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