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4.04 Atomic Theory
vocabulary pertaining to atoms and the atomic model
16
Chemistry
9th Grade
07/12/2019

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Term
scientific model
Definition
A representation that is used to describe and explain phenomena that cannot be experienced directly
Term
atom
Definition
Smallest unit of an element

From the Greek “atomos” meaning “indivisible”
Term
nucleus
Definition
The most central part of an atom

From the Latin “nucleus” meaning “kernel” or “inner part”
Term
electron cloud
Definition
The area outside of and surrounding the nucleus of an atom

Contains the electrons
Term
proton
Definition
Positively charged subatomic particle located inside the nucleus of the atom
Term
neutron
Definition
Subatomic particle with no charge located inside the nucleus of the atom

No charge is also called neutral
Term
electron
Definition
Negatively charged subatomic particle located outside the nucleus of the atom
Term
atomic model
Definition
Representation of the structure of the atom
Term
Dalton's atomic theory
Definition
Theory describing atoms and their behaviors

It has five (5) basic points
All matter is made of atoms (still accepted as true)
Atoms cannot be made or destroyed (disproven)
All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties (disproven)
Compounds are formed by a combination of two (2) or more different kinds of atoms (still accepted as true)
A chemical reaction occurs when atoms are rearranged (still accepted as true)
Term
plum pudding model
Definition
Proposed by J.J. Thomson

Described the atom as a sphere of positively charged matter with the electrons randomly scattered throughout
Term
gold foil experiment
Definition
Performed by Ernest Rutherford

Shot a stream of alpha particles at a piece of gold foil; expected the particles to go straight through; but they deflected all over the place

Rutherford proposed the existence of a dense, positive center in the atom; this center would later become known as the nucleus
Term
strong nuclear force
Definition
Holds an atom’s nucleus together
Term
scientific theory
Definition
A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world

Supported by experimental evidence that has been repeatedly tested and confirmed by multiple scientists
Term
peer review
Definition
scientists have their work reviewed by other scientists, experts in their field and related fields
Term
scientific method
Definition
Process of experimentation used to explore observations and answer testable questions
Term
reliable
Definition
Able to be trusted, authentic

Referring to reliable or credible sources of information
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