Shared Flashcard Set

Details

350exam3.2
n/a
48
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
10/08/2014

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Internal attribution
Definition
Behavior is explained by aspects of the
person
Term
External attribution
Definition
Behavior is explained by aspects of the
situation
Term
Causal attributions can be formed by
Definition
comparing real outcomes to imagined
alternatives
Term
Counterfactual thinking
Definition
Thoughts of what might have been, could have
been, or should have been “if only”
something had been done differently
Term
Emotional reactions to counterfactual thoughts
increase depending on
Definition
how easy it is to
imagine the alternative
Term
May feel more personally responsible for
failure depending on
Definition
how easy it is to
imagine the alternative
Term
Emotional amplification and imagining alternatives. --are easier to imagine than things more --
Definition
close calls rather than things more seperated by time
Term
Silver medalists may imagine--
Bronze medalists imagine--
Definition
Silver medalists may imagine a gold medal as
the alternative
¤ Bronze medalists may imagine receiving no
medal as the alternative
Term
Fundamental attribution error
Definition
Tendency to believe that a behavior is due to
a person’s traits or disposition despite the
situational causes present
Term
Actor-Observer Differences
Definition
Attributions may differ between the person
engaging in a behavior (the actor) and a
person observing the behavior (the observer)
Term
in actor-observer differences the actor is disposed to explain behavior as due to
Definition
the situatoin
Term
in actor-observer differences the observer is disposed to explain behavior due to
Definition
dispositional qualities of actor
Term
when explaining the choice of major for
themselves and their friends, students focused on __ for themselves and ___ for friends
Definition
aspects of the major for their own choice, but on
personality characteristics for their friend’s choice
Term
Causes of the Fundamental Attribution Error
Definition
Perceptional salience
Motivation to believe in a just
Automatic and controlled cognitive world
Term
Perceptional salience
Definition
¤ Often attribute things to what appears to be
most obvious cause
Term
Fundamental attribution errors may occur
because people are often more salient than
Definition
the surrounding context
Term
Motivation to believe in a just world
Definition
Motivated to believe that people get what
they deserve in life
Term
Motivated to believe that people get what
they deserve in life
Definition
Good things happen to good people, bad things
to bad people
Term
Fundamental attribution errors may be
reassuring because we feel less vulnerable to
Definition
external factors influencing our life outcomes
Term
Automatic and controlled cognitive
processing
Definition
Dispositional attributions are often made
automatically
Term
Situational attributions require more cognitive
thought after
Definition
weighing information about the
context
Term
Culture and Causal Attributions- The fundamental attribution error may be less
Definition
The fundamental attribution error may be less
prevalent in collectivistic cultures
Term
Individualists more likely to attribute behaviors
Definition
dispositions
Term
Collectivists more likely to attribute behaviors to
Definition
the situation
Term
Coaches in the United States were more likely to
attribute wins to ____ vs coaches in china who ____
Definition
US: abilities of the players
China: difficulties experienced by the other team
Term
Differences in attributions between some
American subcultures
Definition
Mexican-American and Puerto
Rican children were found to make fewer
dispositional inferences than Caucasians
Term
Priming Culture- For people who are connected to both
independent and interdependent cultures,
attribution styles
Definition
may change depending
on the cultural context
Term
Hong Kong evidence for priming culture
Definition
Hong Kong is heavily influenced by both
China and Western countries like the United
States and the United Kingdom
Term
Residents of Hong Kong can
Definition
switch between
independent and interdependent attributions
styles
Term
Hong Kong made more ___attributions after being primed with Western Culture
Definition
dispositional
Term
Hong Kong made more ___attributions after being primed with Chinese culture
Definition
situational
Term
Social class refers to
Definition
the amount of wealth,
education, and occupational prestige a person
and his or her family enjoy
Term
In general, people from lower social classes act
Definition
more collectivist than people from higher social
classes
Term
Dispositions: Fixed or Flexible
Definition
similar to incremental/entity theories – but focusing
on personality instead of intelligence!
Term
Big 5 personality traits
Definition
openness to experience
conscientiousness
extraversion
Agreeableness
neuroticism
Term
openness to experience
Definition
features characteristics such as
imagination and insight, and those high in this trait also tend to have a broad
range of interests.
Term
conscientiousness
Definition
include high levels of thoughtfulness, with
good impulse control and goal-directed behaviors. Those high in
conscientiousness tend to be organized and mindful of details.
Term
extraversion
Definition
includes characteristics such as excitability,
sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness and high amounts of emotional
expressiveness.
Term
Agreeableness
Definition
includes attributes such as trust,
altruism, kindness, affection, and other prosocial behaviors.
Term
neuroticism -
Definition
Individuals high in this trait tend to
experience emotional instability, anxiety, moodiness, irritability,
and sadness.
Term
The “Big Five” dimensions of personality
are the
Definition
same cross-culturally
Term
For both individualists and collectivists,
personalities can be described along traits of
Definition
of the big 5
Term
Three important dimensions of attributions regarding the causes of events
Definition
internal vs external
stable vs unstable
global vs specific
Term
Internal vs external:
Definition
I caused this versus this was caused by something outside of me."
n Note that an internal attribution can be about effort as well as about
a trait. "
Term
Stable vs unstable
Definition
This is something temporary vs. it will always be like this.
Term
Global vs specific
Definition
This is informative about everything vs. this is informative
about this one limited domain."
Term
Individualists are more likely to view
personality traits
Definition
as stable, fixed, and
unchangeable
Term
Collectivists are more likely to view
personality traits as
Definition
able to change
through effort and changing circumstances
Supporting users have an ad free experience!