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| Why did person X do action Y |
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| Attributions involve decisions regarding the |
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| extent to which behaviors are due to situational constraints vs internal traits |
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| Behavior is due to something about that person (?) or something about the situation (?) |
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About person= dispositions attributes
situation= situational |
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Attributions theory-
answers- |
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Definition
how people explain the causes of their own and other people's behavior
This answers the "why" of behavior |
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| Why do we think about attributions |
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Definition
social goals
sense of control
ability to predict |
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getting to know others
finding friends and relationships |
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| gives us a feeling that we can control the events surrounding us |
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| understanding the cause and effect allows us to predict |
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| Two characteristics that often lead to thinking about attributions (bc many situations don't always make us think about why a person acted in a particular way) |
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1. events that are unexpected
2. events that are negative |
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| Three classic views on attribution |
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Definition
heiders naive psychologist
jones and davis- correspondent influence theory
Kelly's cube covariation model |
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Definition
Fritz heider proposed that ppl naturally see cause and effect relationships
(we're all naive psychologists) |
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| Theory of naive psychology includes the fundamental- |
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Definition
| fundamental dichotomy- internal and external attributions |
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Definition
| disposistional (personal) |
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| When do we form internal attributions? |
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Definition
| if behavior is unusual or inappropriate (dancing on table at formal dinner) |
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| When do we form external attributions? |
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Definition
| If situational causes are salient (dancing is being encouraged to occur) |
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| Factors that influence perceptions of cause and effect in the theory of naive psychology |
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Definition
Time btw events
similarity of events
ppl tend to identify single causes |
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| Correspondent Inference theory is by |
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Definition
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| Correspondent Inference theory central ideas |
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Definition
motivated to draw correspondent infrences
Interested in unique rather than common dispositions
Primary goal of understanding is discovering unique dispositions |
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| invariant dispositions of a person that distinguish that person from others |
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| Cues in the correspondent inference theory that people use to determine the cause of a person's behavior |
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choice
expectedness
effects of consequences of someones behavior |
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Definition
| we choose the cause that covaries (goes along) with the behavior |
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| covariation model says we attribute behvior to the factor that |
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Definition
| is present when the behavior occurs and absent when the behavior fails to occur |
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| Covariation model focuses on 3 types of info: |
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Definition
1. consistency
2. distinctiveness
3. consensus |
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| does this person usually behave this way in this situation? |
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| does this person behave this way in different situations |
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| do others behave this way |
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| does the person consistently do this -> (if yes, then) does this person only do it in this situation (if yes-> external/situational.. if no_> internal/dispositional) then-> does everyone do it? (yes-> situational, no-> dispositional) |
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