Term
| ____ believed that both driving forces and restraining forces are a part of change |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Kurt Lewin's Change Theory, an imbalance occurs between the driving and restraining forces during the _____ stage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| skills needed to initiate change |
|
Definition
integrative thinking
skill in applying change theory
problem solving aptitude |
|
|
Term
| process of making something different from what it was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| process which leads to alteration in individual or institutional patterns of behavior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| process by which alterations occur in the function and structure of society |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| process of ____ is integral to many areas of nursing, such as teaching, client care, and health promotion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reactive or unplanned change because it is not fully anticipated, it cannot be avoided, and there is little or no time to plan response strategies. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| physio-psychologic changes that occur during an individual's life cycle or to the growth of an organization as it becomes more complex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an intended, purposeful attempt by an individual, group, organization, or larger social system to influence the status quo of itself, another organism or a situation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
power-coercive
empirical-rational
normative-reductive |
|
|
Term
| power-coercive change approach |
|
Definition
power is with one or more persons of influence
command and control approach, in which in positions of authority enforce the change
can cause resistance |
|
|
Term
| empirical-rational change approach |
|
Definition
people are rational and will change if it is in their self-interest
most effective when there is little resistance to the change and is perceived as reasonable |
|
|
Term
| normative-reductive change approach |
|
Definition
human motivations depends on the sociocultural norms and individual's commitment to these norms
change occurs if the people involved develop new attitudes and values by acquiring new information |
|
|
Term
| people change if their sociocultural norms dictate it. which change approach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one who works to bring about a change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
realistic thinker
confidence and not easily discouraged
vision
risk-taker
high energy level and ability to energize others
communication skills
flexibility
ability to handle resistance
understanding of ethical/legal elements |
|
|
Term
| responsibilities of change agents |
|
Definition
-develop a rational for change
-write objectives in measurable terms that can be accurately evaluated
-develop a projected timetable for each stage (remember be flexible)
-develop a system of info flow
-monitor progress
-plan for long-term evaluation |
|
|
Term
| behavior intended to maintain the status quo; prevent change |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| restraining forces to change |
|
Definition
-fear something of personal value will be lost
-misunderstanding of change and implications
-low tolerance for change r/t intellectual of emotional insecurity
-perception that change will not achieve goals
-failure to see big picture
-lack of time/energy |
|
|
Term
| motivating forces to change |
|
Definition
-perception that change is challenging
-economic gain
-perception that change will improve the situation
-visualization of the future impact of change
-potential for self-growth, recognition, achievement, improved relationships |
|
|
Term
| managing resistance to change |
|
Definition
-communication
-clarify info
-be open, flexible
-present neg. consequences
-emphasize pos. consequence
-keep resisters involved
-maintain a climate of trust, support, confidence
-divert attention
-build a coalition of support |
|
|
Term
| Lippitt's Phases of Change |
|
Definition
a change theory.
extended Lewin's theory into a 7-step process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a change theory.
extended Lewin's theory into a 6-step process. |
|
|
Term
| Roger's Diffusion of Innovations |
|
Definition
a change theory.
5-step process, emphasizes a reversible nature of change. |
|
|
Term
| change theory that emphasizes the reversible nature of change |
|
Definition
| Roger's Diffusion of Innovations |
|
|
Term
| Kurt Lewin (1948) Change Theory |
|
Definition
-believed in identifying driving forces which facilitate change and restraining forces which impede change.
-3 step process:
unfreezing stage
moving stage
refreezing stage |
|
|
Term
| unfreezing stage (Lewin's change theory) |
|
Definition
an imbalance occurs between the driving and restraining forces which "unfreezes" the present pattern of behavior.
-In this step, you motivate participants by building trust and recognition for needed change
-participants must actively generate solutions |
|
|
Term
| moving stage (Lewin's change theory) |
|
Definition
-behavior moves to a new level where the opposing forces are brought back into equilibrium.
-participants need to agree that the status quo will not do
-help participants scan the environment and link new ideas to those of a respected leader of group |
|
|
Term
| refreezing stage (Lewin's change theory) |
|
Definition
-the new idea/practice becomes internalized into formal and informal behavioral patterns.
-reward the new patterns of behavior
-institutionalize them thru policies/communication channels |
|
|
Term
| Professional nursing organizations function on a ___, ___, and ___ levels |
|
Definition
| local, national, and international |
|
|
Term
| professional nursing organizations enhance... |
|
Definition
| professional growth of memebers |
|
|
Term
| professional nursing organizations influence policies affecting ___, ____, and ___ |
|
Definition
| nursing, nursing practice, and the community |
|
|
Term
| what 2 organizations represent all nurses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 types of nursing organizations |
|
Definition
1. organizations that represent all nurses (LSNA; ANA)
2. organizations for specialty groups (Advance Practice Nurse's associations, OR nurse's have associations)
3.organizations for special interests (groups advocating for BSN-prep only) |
|
|
Term
| Why hasn't political power been associated with nursing? |
|
Definition
-predominately female
-myths about medical power dictating nursing |
|
|
Term
| nurses must accept the challenge to influence _____ and assume power commensurate with their knowledge and expertise as care providers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ture or false. in recent years, nurses have been appointed to senior level admin positions and elected to public office |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To get involved as a nurse, you need to... |
|
Definition
| know the issues, vote for candidates on healthcare issues, join your professional organization, lobby and volunteer, testify, run for office, know the political process |
|
|
Term
| strategies to influence political decisions (5) |
|
Definition
| negotiation, networking, resolutions, lobby, communicate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a give a take process to work out differences of opinion regarding the best solution to an issue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
problem-solving negotiation
trade-off negotiation |
|
|
Term
| problem-solving negotiation |
|
Definition
| both parties confer to resolve a complex situation together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one party gives on some points as does the other party |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| good communication skills, knowledge of essential facts of the issue, and research to support viewpoint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process in which people with similar interest and goals communicate, share ideas and info, and offer support and direction to each other |
|
|
Term
| networking builds trusting relationships which assists with achievement of professional goals how |
|
Definition
| attending conferences, continuing education, alumni association, professional organizations, socializing with professional colleagues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nurses must prepare formal statements expressing the opinion, will, or intent of the profession and healthcare concerns. nurses must be well informed, and able to provide additional data upon request. must be willing to consider amendments to recommendations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -process in which individuals or groups attempt to influence legislators to support or oppose particular legislation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
with legislators. through telephone, calls, face-to-face meetings, email, fax, and written letters.
-identify issue, bill, provide constructive info and ideas |
|
|
Term
| when communicating with legislators avoid ___ and ___ |
|
Definition
| form letters (letters written from templates) and postcards. be professional |
|
|
Term
| for effective emails and letters |
|
Definition
be brief
be specific
be personal
give name and address
be persistent |
|
|
Term
| why become involved? (3 reasons) |
|
Definition
1. nurses know that environment affects health issues
2. ANA code of ethics directs nurses to be involved in policy formation
3. help advance profession thru contributions of practice, knowledge, and political party |
|
|
Term
The science of government.
The management of a political party. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a plan or course of action intended to influence or determine decisions, actions, and matters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in professional organizations, policy is usually set by ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ANA's policy focuses on ___, ___ and ___ |
|
Definition
health promotion
illness prevention
nursing practice issues |
|
|
Term
| legislation passed by Obama to extend health insurance coverage to 8million children whose parents can't afford coverage |
|
Definition
| State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| those successful in political arena |
|
|
Term
| Strength or force exerted or capable of being exerted. Latent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| legitimacy to exert power, enforce laws, demand obedience, make commands or determinations, or judge acts of others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A form a power not legitimized through official channels. The process of producing effects on the actions, opinions, and behaviors of others. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| health policy refers to ... |
|
Definition
| public or private rules, regulations, laws, or guidelines that relate to the pursuit of health and the delivery of health services. |
|
|
Term
| policy decisions reflect values and beliefs of those who make them. |
|
Definition
as values change, policy does too.
example: smoking
as people became more aware of the harm, law to prohibit smoking in buildings were established |
|
|
Term
| politics is a process that requires... |
|
Definition
| influencing the allocation of scarce resources |
|
|
Term
| Policies are the decisions; politics is ____. |
|
Definition
| influencing those decisions. |
|
|
Term
| organization that educates public about therapeutic use of cannibis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In organizations, _____ are the members, the larger community served by the work of the organization, and other groups or individuals affected by decisions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| individuals with a vested interest who try to influence those with power |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-joined other nurses to found ANA
-pressure hospital admis to imporve working conditions for nurses
-galvanize support for nursing registration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
modern nurse, needlestick injury and contracted HIV and hepC.
Influenced legislation requiring protective devices. |
|
|
Term
| Less than ___% of nation's RNs are members of ANA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| about ___% of nurses belong to a specialty nursing organization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why do nurses not join organizations? |
|
Definition
high cost of dues, lack of time, lack of interest.
In some states ANA membership is restricted b/c of relationship between ANA and collective bargaining units.
different expectations and interest of diff generations. |
|
|
Term
| Baby boomers and older members accept traditional organization structures and tasks, younger prefer... |
|
Definition
| short term projects and using technology rather than face-to-face meeetings |
|
|
Term
| there are over ____ national nursing organizations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| three types of nursing associations |
|
Definition
1. broad-purpose professional associations
2. specialty practice associations
3. special interest associations |
|
|
Term
| the Nursing Organizations Alliance represents how many specialty organizations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sigma Theta Tau Internations (nursing honor society) |
|
Definition
| a special interest organization |
|
|
Term
| American Association for the History of Nursing |
|
Definition
| a special interest organization |
|
|
Term
| what organization connects nurses internationally? |
|
Definition
| International Council of Nurses |
|
|
Term
| The ICN is federation of national nurse associations representing... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the __ and ___ are two organizations belonging to the ICN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ICN was founded in ___ and was the first and widest-reaching international organization for health professionals. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an organizations activities reflect it's _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ____ is generated by the membership and defines the organizations purpose, and who is served by the organization. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ANA's mission statement reflects these goals: |
|
Definition
| "fostering high standards of nursing practice, promoting the rights of nurses in the workplace, projecting a positive and realistic view of nursing, lobbying congress and regulatory agencies on health care issues affecting nurses and the public" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nurses advancing our profession to improve health for all. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The mission of the School of Nursing is to prepare professional nurses as caregivers and managers who provide leadership to enhance the health of individuals, families, groups, communities and populations - by providing education which incorporates essential elements of baccalaureate and graduate nursing education, professional standards of care, and performance, promoting research and evidence-based nursing, advocating for an improved health care delivery system to meet the needs of clients across the lifespan in diverse healthcare environments, and promoting the advancement of the profession.
The role of the School of Nursing is to provide undergraduate and graduate nursing students courses in the professional field of nursing enhanced by support courses in arts, sciences, and humanities.
The scope of the School of Nursing encompasses providing nursing education, research, and health care services to clients across the lifespan in diverse healthcare environments within the southeastern region of Louisiana. |
|
|
Term
| Union affiliation is defined by rules and regulations under the ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| National Nurses United (NNU) |
|
Definition
| affiliation of collective bargaining organizations that work to improve working conditions for nurses |
|
|
Term
| the NNU was formed in ___, when _____ merged with the California Nurses Association (CNA), National Nurses Organizing Committee, and the Massachusetts Nurses Association. |
|
Definition
| 2009, United American Nurses (UAN) |
|
|
Term
| Nonnursing unions that have nursing units (4) |
|
Definition
1. Service Employees International Union
2. American Federation of Teachers
3. Association of Federal, State, County, and Municipal Employees
4.United Mine Workers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| management is required to bargain with the union, and union membership is required as a condition of employment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| employees are not required to join a union, but your contract will be dependent on what the union and management negotiated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Northeast, Northwest, and Midwest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| states with few or no unions |
|
|
Term
| the NSNA Leadership University provides academic credit for NSNA's _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the Nursing Alliance Leadership Academy (Nursing Organization Alliance, 2012) |
|
Definition
| was created to help nurses enhance leadership skills and focus on patients and care issues. Also focuses on developing political skills and policy awareness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of 514 organizations in 53 countries who mission is to "implement ecologically sound and healthy alternatives to health care practices that pollute the environment and contribute to disease" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| founded Health Care Without Harm bc concerned about waste from OR |
|
|
Term
| _____ raise and distribute money to political candidates who support the profession's stand on certain issues |
|
Definition
| Nursing PACs (political action committees) |
|
|
Term
| Nurses Strategic Action Teams (N-STATs) |
|
Definition
| ANA's grassroots network who keep elected reps in congress informed about issues of concern to patients and nurses |
|
|
Term
| three levels of political involvement in which nurses can participate |
|
Definition
| nurse citizens (go vote and be informed), nurse activists (is affected by something, registers others to vote, contacts officials contritubutes money), nurse politicians (nurses who run) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nurse activist, established public health nursing, advancement of colored people |
|
|
Term
| Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-Tex) |
|
Definition
| currently in House of Reps (1st nurse elected, over 15 years) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| LPN elected to House of Reps in 1996 for stance on gun control (over 15 years) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3rd nurse elected to House. school nurse, co-chair of House Democratic Task Force on Medicare Reform. in 2003 founded Bipartisan Congressional Caucus on Nursing and Bipartisan School Health and Safety Caucus (over 15 years) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elected to House in 2010. surgical intensive care nurse, hospital administrator, director of wound care center. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elected to House in 2010, emergency nurse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elected to House in 2010, former school nurse and lawyer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elected to House in 2010, nurse to PA, community organizing. former speaker and 1st african american to lead California Assembly |
|
|
Term
| Senator Richard Durbin (D-Ill) |
|
Definition
"friend of nursing"
leg to provide grants to nursing schools for faculty and resources |
|
|
Term
| Senator Barbara Mikulski (D-Md) |
|
Definition
"friend of nursing"
bill to provide 171million for nursing programs for Advanced Nursing Education Program, the Nurse Loan Repayment and Scholarship Program, and the Nurse Faculty Loan Program - address nation shortage of nursing |
|
|
Term
The judicial branch includes ___ and ___.
Resolves disputes, amends common law, interprets statutory law |
|
Definition
| supreme court and federal court are judicial |
|
|
Term
| Executive branch implements laws thru gov agencies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| legislative branch makes statutory law and delegates authority to gov agencies to create rules and regulations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ensures order
protects individuals
resolves disputes
promotes welfare |
|
|
Term
| 3 types of laws govern american society |
|
Definition
common law
statutory law
administrative law |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decisional, judges ruling becomes law |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| statues, established through legislative process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
created by gov agencies such as Louisiana State Board of Nursing
-has force and effect of statutory law |
|
|
Term
| affects general welfare of the people; usually results in some degree of lost freedom or monetary fines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| issues between individuals; usually awarded monetary compensation; most malpractice falls here |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| civil law in which there is a wrong act committed against a person bc of another person's action |
|
Definition
tort law
(can be intentional or unintentional) |
|
|
Term
| Negligence (unintentional torts) |
|
Definition
| failing to do something that a reasonable and prudent person would do, or doing something that a reasonable and prudent person would not do |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to protect public health, saftey, and welfare. |
|
|
Term
| areas of legal concern in nursing |
|
Definition
| negligence, delegation, assualt/battery, informed consent, confidentiality |
|
|
Term
| "was the prevailing standard of care met?" |
|
Definition
malpractice: nelgligence
professional wrong doing or lack of skill in expected professional duties |
|
|
Term
| malpractice as a form of comission |
|
Definition
doing something that should or should not have been done (giving the wrong meds)
need proof |
|
|
Term
| malpractice as a form of omission |
|
Definition
failing to do something (not giving an ordered med)
need proof |
|
|
Term
| 6 categories of negligence can result in malpractice |
|
Definition
1. failure to follow standards of care
2. failure to use equipment properly
3. failure to document appropriately
4. failure to assess and monitor
5. failure to act as a patient advocate
6.? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| legal summaries and stuff |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
statue that defines and controls nursing.
SBNs are regulatory body |
|
|
Term
| state practice acts objectives |
|
Definition
1. define practice of nursing
2. education/licence requirements
3. titles and abbreviations
4. disciplinary action |
|
|
Term
| published by the ANA as a guide for state nursing associations seeking revision |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| -Tarasoff v. Board of Regents of the University of California |
|
Definition
| need to disclose info without patients consent when safety of innocent party is in question |
|
|
Term
| exceptions to obligations of confidentiality |
|
Definition
-discussing care of pt w fam directly involved
-quality assurance activities
-mandated disclouse to public health authorities
-info to 3rd party payers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
written instructions recognized by state law that describe an individuals preferences in regards to medical intervention should they become incapacitated.
part of pt self determination act |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cover injuries that occur during the period covered by the policy, whether or not the policy is still in effect at the time the suit is brought |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cover injuries only if the injury occurs within the policy period and the claim is reported to the insurance company during the policy period or during the "tail"
tail: an uninterrupted extension of the policy period and is also known as the extending reporting endorsement |
|
|
Term
| medication errors cause harm to __ people per year. most common medical mistake |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ death/year due to medication errors in hospitals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 225,000 death due to _____ each year |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the failure of a planned action to be completed as intended or use of a wrong plan to achieve a desired goal |
|
|
Term
| common nursing situations leading to negligence or malpractice |
|
Definition
med errors
burns
falls
failure to assess and take appropriate action
failure to document appropriately |
|
|
Term
| all nurses should own, read, understand, and keep this to ensure that they meet the standards of care |
|
Definition
Nursing Social Policy Statement
Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice
ANA Code of Ethics
Nurse Practice Act |
|
|
Term
| After evaluating the patient's health status, complexity of the activity, and available resources, Sally, RN asks the CNA (certified nursing assistant) to obtain the patient in room 220's vital signs. Sally, RN used which of the "five" rights to ensure safe delegation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the Patient's Self-Determination Act each person has legal and moral rights to informed consent about medical treatment. TRUE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Both an LPN and an RN have the authority to delegate duties to a CNA (certified nurse's assistant). FALSE |
|
Definition
| false, LPN do not delegate |
|
|
Term
| Laws created by governmental agencies such as the Louisiana State Board of Nursing are referred to as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Civil law is concerned with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attitudes, ideals, beliefs that you use to guide behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rules of conduct to be used in situations where decisions regarding right from wrong need to be made |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the actions you should take
greek "ehtos"- habits/customs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the application of ethical theories and principles to moral issues or problems in health care |
|
|
Term
| Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Reasoning |
|
Definition
matures over time, conditons stimulate growth
1. preconventional, (stage 1self centered, responds to punishment stage2 responds to personal reward)
2.conventional (conforms to expectations of society)
3. postconventional (may ignore self interest and group interest when making a moral decision |
|
|
Term
| abilty to write prescriptions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 things that must be included in nurse practice acts, as stipulated by ANA |
|
Definition
1) a differentiation between advanced and generalist nursing practice
2) authority for boards to regulate adv nursing practice (prescriptive authority)
3) authority for boards to oversee unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)
4) clarification of the nurse's responsibility for delegation to and supervision of other personnel
5) support for mandatory licensure for nurses w/ flexibility for the changing nature of practice |
|
|
Term
| 5 rights to ensure safe delegation |
|
Definition
1) right task
2) right circumstances
3) right person
4) right direction/communication
5) right supervision/evaluation |
|
|
Term
| 3 major conditions of informed consent |
|
Definition
1) voluntary consent
2) individual must have capacity and competence to understand
3) patient must be given enough information to be the ultimate decision maker |
|
|
Term
| Based on common, state, or municipal law, nurses have the duty to report or disclose certain information such as: |
|
Definition
oSuspected abuse or neglect of a child or elderly person (in some states)
oGunshot wounds
oCertain communicable diseases
oThreats toward third parties |
|
|
Term
| National Nurse Aide Assessment Program (NNAAP) |
|
Definition
| a test of both cognitive and skill performance to certify nurse aide competency. |
|
|
Term
| Medication Aide Certification Examination (MACE) |
|
Definition
| also administered by the NCSBN, certifies competency in administration of simple medications by UAP. |
|
|
Term
| Patient Self-Determination Act |
|
Definition
-became effective in 1991
-Nurses are in a position to help patients and families understand this law and how it can assist them to have the end-of-life care they prefer.
-applies to acute care and long-term care facilities that receive Medicare and Medicaid funds.
-It encourages patients to consider which life-prolonging treatment options they desire and to document their preferences in case they should later become incapable of participating in the decision-making process.
-Written instructions recognized by state law that describe an individual’s preferences in regard to medical intervention should the individual become incapacitated are called an advance directive.
-The Act was passed partly in response to the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Cruzan v. Director Missouri Department of Health, which was viewed as limiting an individual’s ability to direct health care when unable to do so.
-The PSDA requires that a health care facility document whether the patient has completed an advance directive.
-The PSDA’s basic assumption is that each person has legal and moral rights to informed consent about medical treatments with a focus on the person’s right to choose (the ethical principle of autonomy).
-The Act does not create any new rights, and no patient is required to execute an advance directive.
-According to PSDA, acute care and long-term facilities must:
o 1. Provide written information to all adult patients about their rights under state law
o 2. Ensure institutional compliance with state laws on advance directives
o 3. Provide for education of staff and the community on advance directives
o 4. Document in the medical record whether the patient has an advance directive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - Written instructions recognized by state law that describe an individual’s preferences in regard to medical intervention should the individual become incapacitated |
|
|
Term
| Cruzan v. Director Missouri Department of Health |
|
Definition
| resulted in passing of Patient Self-Determination Act |
|
|
Term
| common areas of risk include |
|
Definition
o Patient falls
o Failure to monitor
o Failure to ensure patient safety
o Improper performance of a treatment
o Failure to respond to a patient
o Medication errors
o Failure to follow agency procedure
o Improper technique
o Failure to supervise treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seeks to identify and eliminate potential safety hazards, thereby reducing patient and staff injuries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| act is moral if intentions are good. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
automony: freedom to make own decisions
beneficence: promote good and avoid harm
nonmalfience: do no harm
justice: equals be treated same
fidelity: remain faithful to commitments and obligations
veracity: telling truth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
deontology
utilitarianism
virtue ethics
pricipalism (nurses use this most) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inherent with all professions
social contract with public
guided by ANA and INC code of ethics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
clarify delima
gather data
identify options
make a decision
act
evaluate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a written, public document that reminds practitioners and the public they serve of the specific responsibilities and obligations accepted by the profession’s practitioners |
|
|
Term
| ethical standards were first promoted by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| metaethics (ethics, moral philosphy) |
|
Definition
| focus on universal truths, where and how ethical principles are developed |
|
|
Term
| Normative ethics (ethics, moral philosophy) |
|
Definition
| focus on moral standards that regulate behaviors |
|
|
Term
| applied ethics (ethics, moral philosophy) |
|
Definition
| focus on specific issues (ex. Abortion, euthanasia, etc |
|
|
Term
| learned over time, influenced by life and culture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
term used to reflect what actions a person should take and may be “codified”, as in the ethical code of a profession
-Process oriented and involves critical analysis of actions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
applications of ethical theories and principles to moral issues or problems in health care.
Concerned with determining what should be done in a specific situation by applying ethical principles.
Advances in science and medical technologies can solve problems (ex. assisting with ventilation until pt. able to breathe on own) and can create dilemmas (ex. Patient may be kept “alive” even with no discernible brain activity---can raise questions about the meaning of life & what constitutes as being “alive” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pain/anguish affecting the mind, body, or relationships in response to a situation in which the person is aware of a moral problem, acknowledges moral responsibility, and makes a moral judgment about the correct action |
|
|
Term
| gilligan's stages of reasoning |
|
Definition
women "have a different voice" focused on care as opposed to justice.
-Levels of moral development
oOrientation to individual survival
oA focus on goodness with recognition of self-sacrifice
oMorality of caring and being responsible for others, as well as self |
|
|
Term
| determining the right thing to do by gathering all the facts and then making a decision |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| emphasizes that principles guide our actions (ex. “always keep a promise”, “Never tell a lie”) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ethical theory based on the fundamental belief that the moral rightness of an action is determined solely by its consequences |
|
Definition
utilitarianism
(often the basis for deciding how money for health care should be spent) |
|
|
Term
principalism
(Truth telling and faithfulness are also important ethical principles that help in managing ethical dilemmas) |
|
Definition
| uses key ethical principles of beneficence (do good), malifecence (do no harm), autonomy (respect for the person’s ability to act in his or her own best interests), and justice in the resolution of ethical conflicts or dilemmas |
|
|
Term
| double effect (related to maleficence) |
|
Definition
| Nature of healthcare dictates that some therapeutic interventions carry risks of harm for the patient, but may eventually produce great good (chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant, etc.) |
|
|
Term
| four conditions justifying the double effect |
|
Definition
oAction must be good or at least morally indifferent
oThe health care provider must intend only the good effects
oUndesired effects cannot be a means to the end or good effect
oFavorable balance between desirable and undesirable effects |
|
|
Term
| justice is a hot topic in regards to distributing resources |
|
Definition
Some developed models (that oppose the justice model?)
oTo each equally
oTo each according to merit (past/present contribution to society)
oTo each according to what can be acquired in the marketplace
oTo each according to need |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nurses are responsible for respecting all, upholding the code of ethics for nurses, keeping nursing skills current, abiding to policies, and keeping promises to patients |
|
|
Term
| The Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements |
|
Definition
nursing profession’s expression of its ethical values and duties to public
•Revised 7 times to clarify meanings, terms, and making code more relevant to nursing practice at the time
•Reflects trends in social awareness topics (ex. Women’s and patient’s rights) |
|
|
Term
| ANA’s Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice |
|
Definition
| defines standards of practice and professional performance |
|
|
Term
| International Council of Nurses (ICN) Code of Ethics for Nurses |
|
Definition
Discusses the rights and responsibilities of nurses related to people, practice, society, co-workers, and the profession
Adopted code of ethics in 1953
Inherent in ICN is nursing’s respect for the life, dignity, and rights of all people in a manner that is unmindful of nationality, race, creed, sex, social status, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
creeds, codes.
based on attitudes that have been acquired and verified by experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.Descriptive beliefs/existential beliefs-- can be shown to be true or false (sun will come up tomorrow morning)
2.Evaluative beliefs—those in which there is a judgment about good or bad (“abortion is immoral”)
3.Prescriptive (encouraged)/proscriptive (prohibited)—certain actions are judged to be desirable or undesirable. |
|
|
Term
| Rokeach's assertations about values (5) |
|
Definition
1. Each person has a relatively small number of values
2. All humans, regardless of location or culture, possess basically the same values to different degrees
3. People organize values into value systems
4. People develop values in response to culture, society, and even personal traits
5. Most observable behaviors are manifestations or consequences of human values |
|
|
Term
| process of valuing (the process by which values a determined) |
|
Definition
1. choosing - (intellectual) cognitive aspect of valuing
2. prizing - (emotional) aspect- feel good about choices made
3.acting - (behavioral)kinesthetic aspect-affirming values publicly |
|
|
Term
| Values undergirding Nursing’s Social Policy Statement |
|
Definition
-The document is designed to serve as a resource for nurses in various practice settings, in education, and in research.
-Guides nursing practice and informs others, including public, about nursing’s social resopnsibility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
requires nurses to support and protect patients.
focuses on empowering clients and promoting self-determination or autonomacy.
plead/speak for another; defend/support cause |
|
|
Term
| the advocate role requires |
|
Definition
self-knowledge
tact
diplomacy
knowledge
good conversation skills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-must be assertive in helping clients
-recognize that client rights and values take precedence
-must be willing to take risk to benefit client
-must be able to communicate clearly and effectively
-must know how to work with the system and identify resources |
|
|
Term
| advocacy is a natural part of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the patient advocate role means |
|
Definition
-being an active voice for the pt.
-speaking on behalf of pt.
-intervening for pt.
-showing compassion and concern
-standing up for patients rights
-advocating at local, state, and federal levels |
|
|
Term
| when faced with a moral delimma, nurses use CODE to determine what to do |
|
Definition
C:courage, critically evaluate the situation to determine what needs to be done.
O:obligation to honor, determine ethical obligation as outlined in Code of Ethics
D:danger management, explore possible actions and consider adverse consequence associated
E:expression and action through assertiveness and negotiation skills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-assess need for advocacy
-communicate with healthcare team
-provide client and fam teaching
-assist and support client decision making
-serve as change agent in healthcare system
-participate in formulation of health policy |
|
|
Term
| advocacy may require political action |
|
Definition
| communicating clients health needs to gov officials who can do something about it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
often involves allocation of resources
use: networking, lobbying, communicate with legislatures, build coalitions |
|
|
Term
| large-scale systemic societal influences |
|
Definition
1. demographic changes
2. environmental deterioration
3. need for prepardness of potential large scale disasters
4. health care cost containment
5. need for changes in gov regulation of health care |
|
|
Term
| demographic changes in nursing |
|
Definition
aging population
poverty and vulnerable populations
cultural diversity and heterogenity of US
urbanization (bigger cities, more violence) |
|
|
Term
| challenges in nursing practice |
|
Definition
-differentiating practice levels
-autonomy and accountability (shared governance: participation by nurses on policy making hospital committes)
-technology and nursing informatics (telecommunications, genetic engineering) |
|
|
Term
| challenges in nursing education |
|
Definition
-outcome based education
-diversity
-access to education
-technology and nursing informatics
-collaboration (with health care team)
-reforms in health care
-faculty and student shortage |
|
|
Term
| nursing professional summit |
|
Definition
helped increase nurses in nursing organizations.
brought 19 organizations together, identified 10 domains describing work that needs to be accomplished |
|
|
Term
| Institution of Medicine (IOM), realsed Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (2010) |
|
Definition
result of 2 year initiative of Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and IOM.
Action oriented blueprint for future of nursing at national, state, and local levels |
|
|
Term
| 4 key messages of IOM report |
|
Definition
-nurses should practice to full extent of education
-seek higher education thru better education system
-be partners with physicans in redesigning health care in US
-effective workforce planning/policy require improved data collection and info infrastructure |
|
|
Term
| 8 recommendations of IOM report |
|
Definition
1. remove scope of practice barriers
2. expand opportunities for nurses to lead and diffuse collaborative improvement efforst
3. implement nurse residency programs
4. increase nurses with BSN to 80% by 2020
5. double nurses with doctorate by 2020
6. ensure nurses engage in lifelong learning
7. prepare and enable to lead change to advance health
8. build infrastructure for the collection and analysis of interprofessional health care workforce data |
|
|
Term
| goal of IOM's Future of Nursing blueprint |
|
Definition
| the american health care system will provide affordable, seamless, quality care that is accessible to all and leads to improved health |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-predicted that mellienum nurses will be doing more in the community
-recover Nightingale vision |
|
|
Term
| Heller, Oros, & Durney-Crowley |
|
Definition
-identified 10 trends that will affect nursing education
-driven by socio-economic factors, developments in health care delivery, and professional issues unique to nursing |
|
|
Term
| past events that have influenced nursing |
|
Definition
wars
ana paper on entry into practice
nurse practitioner programs
managed care (downsizing, health promotion, home care) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use of electronic info and communication technologies to provide and support health care when distance separtates the participants |
|
|
Term
| there are ___ active telemedicine programs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| united states has ___ telemedicine programs in mostly rural areas |
|
Definition
157
Iowa: des moines, iowa city |
|
|
Term
| the biggest barrier to telemedicine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nurses are strategically placed to ___and ___ violence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
domestic (IPV, child, elder)
community
school
workplace |
|
|
Term
| prevention of violence is to show how individuals can achieve feelings of self worth thru |
|
Definition
education
employment
equitable income
wealth and power |
|
|
Term
| Office of Domestic Prepardness |
|
Definition
| provides training and emergency responder guidlines |
|
|
Term
| Metropolitan Medical Response System program |
|
Definition
provided funds for communities to develop plans.
23 essential capabililties |
|
|
Term
| Seattle Social Development Project |
|
Definition
youth servey for predictors of violence.
risk factors at ages 10, 14, 16.
predictors of violence for all age groups:
parent rating of hyperactivity, low academic performance, peer delinquency, availability drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| violent acts at school are often associated with bullying |
|
|
Term
| violence in the workplace lead to cost: |
|
Definition
| loss of productivity, work disruptions, employee turnover, litigation and legal cost, other icident-related costs |
|
|
Term
| women are ____times more likely to suffer from workplace violence |
|
Definition
8.6
leading cause of death for women in workplace (but 2nd cause of total deaths; of total death 12% committed by cowokers) |
|
|
