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| • Primary Study unit of analysis |
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| the unit of analysis is the individual m&w |
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| 1st step of primary study |
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| Ask a research question: What is the difference btx men and women in their math performance. |
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| 2nd step of primary study |
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| Collect and analyze them to answer the research question |
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| 3rd step of primary study |
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| o 3rd- draw a conclusion: lets say there is a sig diff (statistical) btw m&w in their math performance |
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| o Problems w/ primary study- solved w/ |
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| • Meta analysis differs from primary in that |
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| meta analysis is a combo of many primary studies. All the results are combined |
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| define the effect of interest (gender differences in math ability) similar to identitifing research question |
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| search the published* literature |
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code the characteristics of the studies you find
did they find a difference, sample size, tasks, |
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| calculate the effect size (statistics) |
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| interpret the effect size value –this answers the research question step 1 |
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| 1st reasons why MAs are better than primary studies |
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| o 1st benefits to MA allows you to condense lots/volumes of research into 1 meaningful analysis |
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| 2nd reasons why MAs are better than primary studies |
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| o 2nd benefit to MA is that results of MA are more reliable than the results of a primary study. |
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The “file drawer problem”- a situation in which studies w/no findings aren’t published
• You are only accessing published* literature. If there’s null findings (no differences) they won’t be published. Won’t be able to include null findings in MA
Theres no gender diff in math performance= distorts picture |
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| solution to flie drawer problem in MA |
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email ask for unpublished data
Failsafe |
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| math procedure where we compute/ estimate the # of null results needed to reverse the finding of the MA |
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| Smaller # for fail safe= less confidence in MA |
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| what is computed/interpreted in MA |
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| effect size, d- the magnitude (how big/small) the differences are |
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| in a graph, if there is a big overlap vs small overlap |
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| smaller d (greater overlap) than the bottom graph which has a bigger d but a smaller overlap |
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| MA is important in gender comparisons bc |
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| want to make sure we have actual evidence of differences and not just stereoptypes |
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| it depends, no one answer |
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