Term
| Wesberry v Sanders (1963) |
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Definition
| House of Reps elections must be between districts of roughly equal populations |
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Term
| Griswold v Connecticut (1965) |
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Definition
| Connecticut law criminalising use of contraceptives is a violation of marital privacy |
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Term
| Epperson v Arkansas (1968) |
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Definition
| states may not require curricula to be in alignment with any particular religion |
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Term
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Definition
-federal limits on campaign distributions
-spending $ to influence elections is exercising freedom of speech |
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Term
| UC Regents v Bakke (1978) |
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Definition
| affirmative action is constitutional; racial quota admission is not |
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Term
| Webster v Reproductive Health Services (1978) |
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Definition
| limits on state funds, facilities, and employees for abortion services |
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Term
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Definition
| racial gerrymandering must be held to a strict standard of scrutiny |
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Term
| United States v Lopez (2002) |
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Definition
| any law prohibiting guns near schools is a criminal statute that does not relate to commerce |
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Term
| Palko v Connecticut (1937) |
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Definition
| Double jeopardy is not a fundamental right to individual states |
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Term
| Brown v Board of Education (1955) |
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Definition
| segregation of students in public schools violates Amendment 14 |
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Term
| Clinton v New York (1998) |
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Definition
| federal laws that have not been approved by both houses in Congress cannot be enacted |
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Term
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Definition
| government has a responsibility to filter obscene/profane Internet content to minors |
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Term
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Definition
| reversed death sentence of a mentally ill man (Atkins) on the grounds of Amendment 8 (cruel punishment) |
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Term
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Definition
| Court has power of judicial review (power of courts to discern whether acts of Congress are constitutional or not) |
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Term
| McCulloch v Maryland (1819) |
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Definition
| federal government > state government |
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Term
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Definition
| constitutional justification for segregation = "equal but separate" |
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Term
| Schenck v United States (1919) |
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Definition
| government can limit speech if speech provokes a "clear and present danger" of substantive evils |
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Term
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Definition
| freedoms of speech and press are essential and must be protected by Amendment 14, due process clause |
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Term
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Definition
| Amendment 4's protection against unreasonable searches & seizures extends to state law in addition to federal |
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Term
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Definition
| accused state officials of violating Amendment 1 for writing a prayer to be read by NY schoolchildren |
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Term
| Gideon v Wainwright (1963) |
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Definition
| anyone accused of a felony where imprisonment may be imposed has a right to counsel |
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Term
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Definition
| guidelines for police questioning of accused persons to prevent self-incrimination |
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Term
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Definition
aide to church-affiliated schools must
-have secular legislative purpose
-have primary effect that is neutral towards religion
-not foster excessive government involvement with religion |
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Term
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Definition
| State ban on all abortions (in terms of trimester of foetus) is constitutional |
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Term
| United States v Nixon (1974) |
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Definition
| doctrine of executive privilege is implicit in Constitution but does not extend to protect documents relevant to criminal prosecutions |
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Term
| Planned Parenthood v Casey (1992) |
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Definition
| Supreme Court loosened its standard for evaluating restrictions on abortion |
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Term
| Zelman v Simmons-Harris (2002) |
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Definition
| upheld state providing families with vouchers that could be used to pay tuition at religious schools |
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Term
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Definition
| mandatory drug testing of students in extracurriculars |
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Term
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Definition
| reappointment of state legislative districts is not a political question and therefore is justiciable by federal courts |
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Term
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Definition
| manual recount of votes is unconstitutional under Amendment 14 |
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Term
| Abingdon v Schempp (1963) |
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Definition
| sanctioned organised Bible reading in public schools is unconstitutional |
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Term
| United States v Lopez (1995) |
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Definition
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