Term
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Definition
| part of the conduction system that is specialiezed nerve tissue responsible for creating and transporting the electrical impulse (action potential) |
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Definition
| contraction of the myocardium resulting in the ejection of blood from the ventricles |
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Definition
| relaxation of the myocardium allowing for the filling of ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 min- CO= SV x HR |
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Term
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Definition
| the CO divided by the body surface area; adjusts the CO to the body size (normally 2.8-4.2 L per minute per meter squared) |
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Term
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Definition
| the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole before the next contraction; determine the amount of stretch placed on the myocardial fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| the peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must pump; affected by size of ventricle, wall tension, and arterial blood pressure |
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Definition
| the ability to respond to these demands by altering CO threefold or fourfold |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of the pressure exerted by blood against the walls of the arterial system |
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Term
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Definition
| the peak pressure exerted against the arteries when the heart contracts |
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Term
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Definition
| the residual pressure in the arterial system during bentricular relaxation (or filling) |
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Term
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Definition
| the sounds heard (turbulent blood flow throug a compressed artery) while taking blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure(around 40 mmHG) |
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Term
| Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) |
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Definition
| teh average pressure within the arterial system that is felt by other organs; MAP= (SBP + 2DBP)/3 (normally 80 mmHG) |
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Term
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Definition
| the turbulent blood flow across the affected valve |
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Term
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Definition
| sustained lifts of the chest wall in the percordial area that can be seen or palpated (may be a result of left ventricular hypertrophy) |
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Term
| Point of Maximal Impulse (PMI) |
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Definition
| the patient must be supine (in mitral area); the apical pulse that reflects the pulsations of the apex of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| the percentage of end-diastolic blood volume taht is ejected during systole (gives us information about the left ventricle during systole) |
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Term
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Definition
| done with a left-sided heart catherterization (could cause bleeding, hematoma, looping/kinking/breaking of the catheter, dyrhythmias, etc) |
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Term
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Definition
| involves the conversion of a noxious mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimulus into an electrical signal called an action potential |
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Term
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Definition
| teh physiologic process by which informaiton about tissue damage is communicated to the central nervous system (transduction, transmission, perception, and modulation) |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which pain signals are relayed from the periphery to the spinal cord and then to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when pain is recognized, defined and responded to by the individual experiencing the pain |
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Term
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Definition
| involves the activation of descending pathways that exert inhibitory or facilitatory effects on the transmission of pain |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by damage to somatic (surface pain from mucous membranes/skin) or visceral(internal pain from organs) tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by damage to peripheral nerves or structure in teh CNS (numbing, hot burining, shooting, satbbing, sharp or electric shock) |
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Term
| Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) |
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Definition
| debilitating neuropathic pain; dramatic changes in color and temperature of skin near affected limb |
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Term
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Definition
| transient, moderate to severe pain that occurs in patients whose pain is otherwise well controlled (cancer pain) |
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Term
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Definition
| increasing the dose beyond and upper limite provide no greater analgesia |
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Term
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Definition
| a dose of one analgesic that is equivalent in pain-relieving effects compared with another analgesic |
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Term
| Patient-COntrolled Analgesia (PCA) |
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Definition
| demand analgesia that patient pushes |
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Term
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Definition
| circumscribed hypersensitive area within a tight band of muscle (caused by acute or chronic muscle strain) |
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Term
| Complementray and Alternative Therapies |
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Definition
| A group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicine |
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Term
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Definition
| a specialty that draws on nursing knowledge, theories, expertise and intuition to guide nurses in becoming therapeutic partners with people in their care |
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Term
| Traditional Chinese MEdicine (TCM) |
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Definition
| a complete system of medicine that treats a fulls spectrum of complaints and problems |
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Term
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Definition
| involves teh insertion of finde needles into the cirulation of Qi underneath the skin's surface |
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Term
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Definition
| is teh use of individual herbs or ocmbinations of herbs for therapeutic benefit |
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Term
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Definition
| includes a range of techniques taht manipulate the soft tissues and joints of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| a nurse-based program founded in teh 1980s by Janet MEntegen; rebalancing engery fields |
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Term
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Definition
| a point that influences nerve pathways to the face and head |
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Term
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Definition
| protective, has an identifiable cause, is of short duration, and has limited tissue damge and emotional response |
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Term
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Definition
physioloigcal and psycholoigcal dependance on a drug when disease/symptoms are goneical need for a drug when disease/symptoms are gone
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Term
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Definition
| a vareity of medications taht enhance analgesics or have analgesic properties that were originally unknown |
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Term
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Definition
| the most commona dn effective method of pain relief |
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Term
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Definition
| cognitive-behavioral interventions that change a patient's perception of pain, alter pain, and provide patients with a greater sense of control (distraction, prayer, relaxation, guided imagery, music, etc) |
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Term
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Definition
| a transietn flare of moderate-to-severe pain superimposed on continuous or persistent pain (fentanyl unit in the mouth) |
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Term
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Definition
| last longer than 6 months and is constant or recurring with a mild-to-severe intensity |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulation of the skin that helps relieve pain (hot bath, cold, message, TENS) |
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Term
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Definition
| The medical need for larger doses (cancer patients, chronic pain) |
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Term
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Definition
| Common for the treatment of acute postoperative pain, labor and delivery pain, and chronic cancer pain; kind of regional anesthesia |
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Term
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Definition
| allows patients to alter affective-motivational an dcognitive pain perception |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic pain in the absense of an identifiable physical or psycholoigcal cause or pain perceived as excessive for the extent of an orgnaic pathological condition |
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