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305 exam3 lec.9
n/a
39
Biology
Undergraduate 3
11/09/2013

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Term
Paul Ehrlich
Definition
arsphenamine
Term
Gerhard Domagk
Definition
sulfanilamide
Term
penicillian
Definition
duchesne, fleming, chain, florey
Term
antibiotics come from-
Definition
natural products (bacteria, mold)
organic synthesis
Term
antibiotics examples from:
bacteria-
mold-
semi-synthesis-
synthetic-
Definition
bacteria- streptomyces (G+)
molds- penicillium
semi-synthetic- methicillin (based on penicillin)
Synthetic: ciprofloxacin/enrofloxacin
Term
Flemming worked on-
Definition
staph. auerus found mold growing on them and that the bacteria was dead
Term
selective toxicity-
Definition
differences between pathogen and host in physiology/metabolism that allows us to damge microbe instead of pt and limit side effects
Term
narrow or broad spectrum-
Definition
broad- everything all G+ bacteria
narrow- abx that only works only on one microbe
Term
bacteriostatic or bactericidal-
Definition
inhibits growth, immune system takes over slows protein synthesis
or kills (lysis)-cell wall inhibitors
Term
What is the mechanism of action of suprafloxin
Definition
DNA gyrase inhibitor
Term
Reversible inhibition
Definition
enzyme is non covalent interaction- not permanent
usually preferable
Term
irreversible inhibition
Definition
enzyme is covalent bonded- permanent inactivation
not a great regulation mech.
Term
competition of abx can be:
Definition
uncompetitive
competivitce
non competitive (allosteric)
Term
Uncompetitive
Definition
at enzyme active site
inhibitor binds to enzyme and substrate forming a complex that prevents catalysis
Term
Competitive
Definition
at enzyme active site
structural similarity to substrate/intermediate/product
Term
Non-competitive (allosteric)
Definition
at different site than active site
Term
fatty acid synthase (FAS 2)
-- enzyme complex
-- from EUK allowing for --
Definition
series of enzymes that work together
multi-enzyme
different from EUK allowing for selective tox
Term
FAS 2 substrates/products-
Definition
Substrates- acetyal-CoA, NADPH, ATP
Products- Fatty acids, NADP+, ADP +P
Term
FAS 2 inhibitor/antibiotics:
Definition
isoniazid (mycobacterium TerBerculosis) reversible, competitive
Term
dna gyrase
Definition
supercoiling that are different from EUK enzymes that does this
Term
gyrase inhibitors-
Definition
Quinolones- Ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin (Baytril)
Reversible, Uncompetitive
bacteriacidal- dna cant supercoils
completely synthetic
Term
Protein Synthesis inhibitors target
Definition
70S ribosome in prok
Term
Protein synthesis inhibitors incldue:
Definition
tetracyclines(natural)
oxasolidinone (Zyvox)
macrolides(erytromycin, azithromycin)
reversible, competitive
Term
how is erythromycin made?
Definition
multifunctional enzymes and or many enzyme activities
Polyketide synthase
similar to FAS2
Term
Erythromycin substrates/products;
Definition
substrates: Malonyl-CoA, NADPH
Products: erythromycin precursor, NADP+
Term
Cell wall synthesis starts in-
first enzyme envolved=
Definition
cytoplasm
MurA
Term
MurA does:
Definition
PEP +UDP-NAG -> enolpyruvyl-UDP-NAG-Pi
Term
MurB
Definition
reductase uses NADPH
enolpyruvyl UDP-NAG +NADPH -> UDP +NAM +NADP+ + H+
Term
Ligases
Definition
uses atp to form the pentapeptide chain
AA + ATP + UDP-NAM -> -> UDP-NADM-L-ALA-D-GLU-?-D-Ala-D-Ala (pentapeptide)+ 5ADP +5Pi
Term
after ligase, cell wall biosynthesis shifts from cytoplasm to
Definition
membrane where MraY takes over
Term
MraY does:
Definition
forms lipid 1
UDP-NAM-pentapeptide +C55-P (bactoprenol) -> C55-PP-NAM-pentapeptide (lipid 1)+UMP
Term
MurG:
Definition
adds a nag, creates lipid 1
glycosyltransferase
C55PP-NAM-pentapeptide (lipid1) +UDP-NAG -> C55PP-NAM-(NAG)-pentapeptide(lipid2) +UDP
Term
flippase
Definition
lipid 2 flipped outside of cell membrane to form a cell wall
Term
after flippase:
Definition
glycosyltransferases polymerize lipid 2 units (b-1,4-linkages, loss of C55PP
Term
transpeptiidases
Definition
(only G-)
penicillin-binding proteins=PBPs) form cross bridges (transpeptidation
Beta-lactams block
Term
Carboxypeptidases
Definition
(Only G-)
trim D-Ala = free peptide chains
Term
G+ external steps
Definition
vancomycin (binds to double D-ala structure, works bc only 1 membrane) +beta-lactams block
Term
abx cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors are
Definition
bactericidal
B-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins) prevents transpeptidases
Term
vancomycin
Definition
reversible, competitive only G+
is HUGE alot of AA-cant get into G-
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