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305 exam3 lec. 1
n/a
28
Biology
Undergraduate 3
10/31/2013

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Term
Catabolism is-
produces-
Definition
Breakdwn of complex molecules
Produces energy= ATP
Term
Anabolism is-
req-
Definition
Biosynthesis
Req energy
Term
Amphibolic
Definition
can be both catabolic and anabolic.
Term
Metabolic Pathways
Definition
series of sequential reactions coupled together so that the favorable rxns drive the unfavorable forward.
Term
Biocatalysts are-
- activation energy
some req-
Definition
Protein or RNA (ribozyme such as viroids)
Lower activation energy
cofactors
Term
coenzymes
Definition
organic cofactors
Term
linear pathway
and example
Definition
point A to point B, no diversions, one way street. Start substrates, intermediates, and then final product. Stage 2 of glycolisis is a linear pathway everything goes forward.
Term
branched pathway-
and example-
Definition
glycosis stage 1. Glycolysis as a whole is a branched pathway. EX: clostridium perfringens fermentation, mixotricha paradoxa. Different directions a single pathway can go
Term
cyclic pathway-
and example
Definition
TCA cycle. Shared intermediate between first rxn and last rxn. Knocking out the critical intermediate would turn this into a linear pathway
Term
Energy not “reducing power”
Definition
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Substrate or product
Term
Electron carriers (reducing power)
Definition
oxidized NAD+/ reduced NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Substrate or product (not recycled by enzymes
nadp
fad
Term
why is Mg a macronutrient?
Definition
it is always bound to ATP or ADP
Term
finish slide 8 tegrity
Definition
Term
How do cells make ATP?
Definition
3 types of phosporylation mechanisms
Term
What are the 3 mechanisms for making ATP as a product?
Definition
1. substrate level phosphorylation
2. Oxidative phosphorylation
3. Photophosphorylation
Term
Substrate level phosphorylation is any --
has --+-- in a metabolic pathway step
Is it catalyzed by ATP synthase?
Definition
any catabolism
Adp +PO4 -3 in metabolic pathway step
NOT catalyzed by ATP synthase
Term
Example of substrate level phosphorylation
Definition
phospoenolpyruvate (PEP) + ADP <-> pyruvate +ATP (pyruvate kniase)
Term
oxidative phosphorylation is --troph= --
Definition
chemo
respiration
Term
photophosphorylation -- trophs
Definition
phototrophs
Term
Oxidative phosphorylation and and photophosphorylation
Definition
ach use different ETC/ETS
Both catalyzed by ATP synthase
Term
: 3 mechanisms –atp is a substrate
Definition
TP used to phosphorylate an organic molecule
ATP Hydrolysis releasing phosphate (reverse rxn of ATP synthase)
ATP Hydrolysis releasing pyrophosphate (irreversible)
Term
ATP used to phosphorylate an organic molecule
Definition
ATP + glucose ↔ ADP + glucose-6-phosphate(hexokinase)
Term
ATP Hydrolysis releasing phosphate (reverse rxn of ATP synthase)
Definition
ATP + H2O ↔ ADP + Pi (PO4-3) + 2H+
Term
ATP Hydrolysis releasing pyrophosphate (irreversible)
rxn-
used for-
why irreversible?
Definition
ATP + H2O → AMP + PPi (P2O7-4) + 2H+
DNA biosynthesis, antibiotic biosynthesis
Irreversible bc no enzymes that do AMP-> ATP. Forces a set of rxns to go forward.
Term
slide 11
Definition
Term
Terminal electron acceptors are
Definition
reduced and exit the cell
Term
Respiring organisms (aerobic and/or anaerobic)
use which phosphorylation?
ETC? NAD? FADH2? if used, for waht?
Whats recycled?
Definition
Substrate-level phosphorylation
ETC/ETS uses NADH/FADH2 for oxidative phosphorylation
Recycle electron carriers (NAD+, FAD)
Term
fermenters use only -- phosphorylation
general rxn-
ETC?
Needs?
Definition
Pyruvate (fermentation-> organic cmpds and/or CO2)
ONLY substrate-level phosphorylation
No ETC/ETS
Need to regenerate oxidized NAD+
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