Term
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Definition
Breakdwn of complex molecules
Produces energy= ATP |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| can be both catabolic and anabolic. |
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Term
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Definition
| series of sequential reactions coupled together so that the favorable rxns drive the unfavorable forward. |
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Term
Biocatalysts are-
- activation energy
some req- |
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Definition
Protein or RNA (ribozyme such as viroids)
Lower activation energy
cofactors |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
linear pathway
and example |
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Definition
| point A to point B, no diversions, one way street. Start substrates, intermediates, and then final product. Stage 2 of glycolisis is a linear pathway everything goes forward. |
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Term
branched pathway-
and example- |
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Definition
| glycosis stage 1. Glycolysis as a whole is a branched pathway. EX: clostridium perfringens fermentation, mixotricha paradoxa. Different directions a single pathway can go |
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Term
cyclic pathway-
and example |
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Definition
| TCA cycle. Shared intermediate between first rxn and last rxn. Knocking out the critical intermediate would turn this into a linear pathway |
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Term
| Energy not “reducing power” |
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Definition
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Substrate or product |
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Term
| Electron carriers (reducing power) |
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Definition
oxidized NAD+/ reduced NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Substrate or product (not recycled by enzymes
nadp
fad |
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Term
| why is Mg a macronutrient? |
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Definition
| it is always bound to ATP or ADP |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 3 types of phosporylation mechanisms |
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Term
| What are the 3 mechanisms for making ATP as a product? |
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Definition
1. substrate level phosphorylation
2. Oxidative phosphorylation
3. Photophosphorylation |
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Term
Substrate level phosphorylation is any --
has --+-- in a metabolic pathway step
Is it catalyzed by ATP synthase? |
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Definition
any catabolism
Adp +PO4 -3 in metabolic pathway step
NOT catalyzed by ATP synthase |
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Term
| Example of substrate level phosphorylation |
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Definition
| phospoenolpyruvate (PEP) + ADP <-> pyruvate +ATP (pyruvate kniase) |
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Term
| oxidative phosphorylation is --troph= -- |
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Definition
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Term
| photophosphorylation -- trophs |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxidative phosphorylation and and photophosphorylation |
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Definition
ach use different ETC/ETS
Both catalyzed by ATP synthase |
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Term
| : 3 mechanisms –atp is a substrate |
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Definition
TP used to phosphorylate an organic molecule
ATP Hydrolysis releasing phosphate (reverse rxn of ATP synthase)
ATP Hydrolysis releasing pyrophosphate (irreversible) |
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Term
| ATP used to phosphorylate an organic molecule |
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Definition
| ATP + glucose ↔ ADP + glucose-6-phosphate(hexokinase) |
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Term
| ATP Hydrolysis releasing phosphate (reverse rxn of ATP synthase) |
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Definition
| ATP + H2O ↔ ADP + Pi (PO4-3) + 2H+ |
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Term
ATP Hydrolysis releasing pyrophosphate (irreversible)
rxn-
used for-
why irreversible? |
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Definition
ATP + H2O → AMP + PPi (P2O7-4) + 2H+
DNA biosynthesis, antibiotic biosynthesis
Irreversible bc no enzymes that do AMP-> ATP. Forces a set of rxns to go forward. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Terminal electron acceptors are |
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Definition
| reduced and exit the cell |
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Term
Respiring organisms (aerobic and/or anaerobic)
use which phosphorylation?
ETC? NAD? FADH2? if used, for waht?
Whats recycled? |
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Definition
Substrate-level phosphorylation
ETC/ETS uses NADH/FADH2 for oxidative phosphorylation
Recycle electron carriers (NAD+, FAD) |
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Term
fermenters use only -- phosphorylation
general rxn-
ETC?
Needs? |
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Definition
Pyruvate (fermentation-> organic cmpds and/or CO2)
ONLY substrate-level phosphorylation
No ETC/ETS
Need to regenerate oxidized NAD+ |
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