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303 exam3 lec. 11
carbs, nt, high energy cmpds
20
Biochemistry
Undergraduate 3
12/07/2013

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Term
basic formula for carbs
Definition
CH2On
Term
Saccharides =
sugar ends in -
Definition
a sugar that is a smal CHO.
-ose
Term
Example of naming a 5 and 6 C sugar
Definition
pentose=ribose
Hexose- glucose, fructose
Term
Simplest CHO=
Definition
Triose
Glyceraldehyde
Term
Glyceraldehyde is -- where dihydroxyacetone is not--
Definition
chiral
Term
Fischer projection of glyceraldehyde
Definition
Term
OH on the Right=
Definition
D or R natural
Term
OH on Left
Definition
L or S not in nature
Term
Glucose-
# of C and OH
Aldehyde or Ketone?
Numbering starts on-
Definition
Aldehyde
6C
5OH
starts with C on Aldehyde
Term
Fructose
aldehyde or ketone?
#C
how numbering starts?
Definition
Ketone
6C
Numbering starts with ketone where the aldehyde would be
Term
Determining D or L

ex: glucose/fructose
Definition
Go to the furthest C from the aldehyde and compare it to glyceraldehyde to find if D or L. This is the chiral carbon so in glucose or fructose it would be C5 not C6 bc 6 isnt chiral
Term
Aldehydes and Ketones react with-- to make hemiacetals or hemiketals which can react with -- to make an acetal which creats a -- at -- which produces --
Definition
alcohol
another alcohol
New chiral center at carbonyl carbon
produces glycosidic bond
Term
When is the chiral carbon introduced?
Definition
hemi- stage
Term
NucleoSides are the dehydration prodct of --
Definition
pyrimidine or purine with the sugar (deoxy or ribose)
Do not have phosphate!
Term
NucleoTides-
Definition
adding a phosphate group to the nucleoside
Term
Phosphate groups bind at #C?
Definition
5C
Term
Phosphoryl vs Phosphate
Definition
Phosporyl= -PO3H -2
Phosphate= HO-PO3H +2
Term
Hydrolysis of ATP in terms of which phosphate is removed. Why?
Definition
Gamma is furthers P from the sugar. Beta is 2nd. These are highly exorgenic and is coupled to endergonic rxns in the cell. They are anhydride bonds. Alpha is the closest P. It is an ester bond which yeilds less energy than gamma /beta P.
Term
ATP -> ADP energy Joules
Definition
50,000 J/mole of energy
Term
What is a high energy bond?
Definition
a bond with high group transfer potential. Pi would rather be transfered to a different "acceptor" molecule. It would rather be somewhere else
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