Term
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Definition
| by successive addition of amino acids to the carboxyl end. |
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Term
| The 3 binding sites on the -- are-- |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
binds an aminoacyl-tRNA
binds a peptidyl-tRNA (i.e., the growing peptide chain attached to the last tRNA)
binds the free tRNA before it exits the ribosome |
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Term
| Formation of the initiation complex in bacteria: |
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Definition
IF-3 stabilizes free 30S ribosome particles
IF-1 blocks the A site of the 30S particle, so fMet-tRNA must bind to the P site |
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Term
| shine-Dalgarno sequence is in -- and contains high levels of --: |
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Definition
| prokaryotes, not eukaryotes Contains high level of G: consensus sequence = AGGAGG |
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Term
| When the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and anti-Shine-Dalgarno sequence pair, |
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Definition
| the translation initiation factors IF2-GTP, IF1, IF3, as well as the initiator tRNA fMet-tRNAfmet are recruited to the ribosome. |
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Term
| First elongation step in bacteria: |
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Definition
| binding of the second aminoacyl-tRNA. |
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Term
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Definition
Peptidyl transferase = the 23s rRNA ribozyme which transfers the peptide chain to the amino group of the aminoacyl-tRNA at the A site
Both t-RNAs bound to the 50S subunit will shift from P/A to E/P sites
The codon-anticodon bonds stay in place during this operation |
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Term
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Definition
EF-G-GTP (= translocase) binds to the A site in a codon-independent manner
tRNA with bound peptide moves from the A site to the P site
GTP → GDP + Pi causes EF-G to be released
The A site is now open to receive the next aminoacyl-tRNA
Uncharged tRNA leaves from the E site |
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Term
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Definition
Release factor (RF-1 or RF-2) binds the A site
Then hydrolysis of C- terminal ester bond to the last tRNA and release of the peptide |
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Term
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Definition
Ribosome recycling factor (RRF) dissociates the ribosomal complex
EF-G-GTP = translocase
Uses 1 GTP |
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Term
enerygy- Each peptide bond requires-
I.e.: 4 hi-energy bonds/ |
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Definition
2 ATP + 2 GTP.
4 hi-energy bonds/peptide bond made |
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Term
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Definition
ATP provides the direct energy to make the peptide bonds
GTP provides the energy for protein-conformational changes |
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Term
| EUK translation and transcription: |
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Definition
| Translation not linked to transcription; they occur in separate cellular compartments (nucleus and cytosol) |
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Term
| PROK translation and transcription: |
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Definition
| coupled: . The doubling time is not long enough for complete transcription before translation starts. |
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Term
| Start of EUK translation- |
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Definition
| Usually uses 1st AUG codon after cap for the start site (does not use a Shine-Dalgarno sequence) |
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Term
| First mRNA in translation of EUK vs PROK |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Polysomes (or polyribosomes) are --
do--
in-- |
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Definition
a cluster of ribosomes bound to a single mRNA molecule. Several ribosomes read one mRNA simultaneously, progressing along the mRNA to synthesize the same protein.
in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
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Term
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Definition
silent
nonsense
missense- conservative vs non-converative |
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Term
| Conservative missense mutation |
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Definition
| may not make much of a different if its ARG to Lys bc they are so similar |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| change in a bp but the codon still codes for same aa |
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Term
| Non conservative misense mutation- |
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Definition
| change in AA is not similar to the right AA. |
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Term
DNA of all humans is --% similar
SNP= |
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Definition
99.9%
SNP = single nucleotide polymorphism = single bp change in a DNA sequence that occurs in a significant proportion (>1%) of a large population |
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Term
SNP can be-
most occur in -- regions |
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Definition
scattered thru genome 1 every 1k bp
noncoding regions- no effect. can be used as gene markers |
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Term
| If SNP is in the coding region |
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Definition
| Effect may be silent, neutral, harmful or beneficial |
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