Shared Flashcard Set

Details

3 Mosquito-borne Infections
Diseases, Agents, Descriptions
8
Medical
Post-Graduate
03/10/2009

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

Dengue

 

Mosquito-borne

Definition

V: Flaviviridae family

  • "Breakbone fever"
  • Spread by Aedes aegypti which thrive in urban areas
  • 4 serotypes: infection with first, severe headache and fever, infection with second, may lead to DHF (Dengue Hemorrhagic fever)
  • No vaccine, must focus on environmental controls - limit standing water in tires, flower pots, culverts, etc.
Term

 

 

 

Japanese encephalitis (JE)

 

Mosquito-borne

Definition

V: Flaviviridae family

  • Spread by Culex mosquitoes
  • Leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia
  • Vaccine preventable
Term

 

 

 

West Nile Virus

 

Mosquito-borne

Definition

V: Flaviviridae family

  • Culex
  • Nile river basin (Egypt and Sudan)
  • Hosts are usually birds or mammals; humans are incidental hosts
  • Outbreak in US in 1999
  • Usually asymptomatic; about 1 in 150 people develop nervous system symptoms
Term

 

 

 

Yellow fever

 

Mosquito-borne

Definition

V: Flaviviridae family

  • Spread by Aedes aegypti
  • Jaundice
  • Mandatory vaccine for travel to many countries
Term

 

 

 

Malaria

 

Mosquito-borne

Definition

P: Plasmodium falciparum, P. malariae,

P. ovale, P. vivax

  • falciparum is the most serious; 90% of all cases in Africa, 50% of all cases in Latin America and Asia
  • spread by female Anopheles, breed near standing water
  • 350-500 million cases worldwide each year; >1 million deaths, mostly children
Term

 

 

 

Malaria - symptoms

Definition
  • Cerebral malaria: brain inflammation, coma, convulsions -> permanent brain damage
  • Pregnancy increases vulnerability -> severe anemia -> birth complications
  • Most cases during growing season, leads to long-term food insecurity
Term

 

 

 

Malaria - treatment and prevention

Definition

Treatment

  • Chloroquine, Sulfadoxone-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar), Mefloquine (Lariam), Artemisinin derivatives

Prevention 

  • Mosquito nets, long clothing, insect repellants
  • Mosquito control: indoor residual spraying (IRS) of DDT: insecticides on bednets (ITN)
  • Prophylaxis with drugs should not be widely used because of drug resistance
Term

 

 

 

Malaria - concerns

Definition

 

  • Expansion into new geographic areas
  • Drug resistance -> need for "combo" drug therapies
  • People most at risk can't afford protection (nets, screens, bug spray, prophylactic drugs, insecticides)
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