Term
| What is the definition of asthma |
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Definition
| A chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. These episodes are usually associated with widespread but variable airflow obstruction that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment |
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Term
| Beta-2 adrenergic receptor stimulation has what effect? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cholinergic stimulation via vagus has what effect? |
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Definition
| Constricts with airway irritants |
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Term
| What kind of changes in lung volume do you see in asthma? |
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Definition
| Increased residual volume, functional residual capacity, decreased vital capacity, normal or increased lung capacity, increased work to breathe |
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Term
| What are some precipitating factors of asthma? |
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Definition
| Tobacco use, viral infections, allergens, exercise |
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Term
| What are some asthma triggers? |
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Definition
| Airborne allergens, viral respiratory infections, tobacco smoke, cold, exercise, stress, post nasal drip, fumes |
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Term
| What causes paradoxic breathing? |
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Definition
| negative intrathoracic pressure is transmitted to the abdomen by a weakened or poorly functioning diaphragm. On inspiration lower thorax is drawn in and abdomen protrudes. On expiration the opposite |
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Term
| Intermittent asthma is classified as what? |
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Definition
| Symptoms, nighttime awakenings, and SABA <2 days/week, no interference with activity |
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Term
| Moderate asthma is classified as what? |
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Definition
| Daily symptoms, >1x weekly nighttime awakenings, SABA daily, some limited activity |
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Term
| Severe asthma is classified as what? |
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Definition
| Symptoms throughout the day, >2x weekly nighttime awakenings, SABA several times a day, extremely limited activity |
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Term
| Short Acting Beta-Agonists are used to do what for asthma patients? |
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Definition
| Relax smooth muscle, releaves acute symptoms |
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Term
| Anticholinergics are used to do what for asthma patients? |
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Definition
| Reduce vagal tone of airway and block contraction, used with albuterol in acute settings |
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Term
| Systemic corticosteroids are used to do what for asthma patients? |
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Definition
| As anti-inflammatory, used in acute exacerbation, long term use risks exist |
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Term
| Inhaled corticosteroids are used to do what for asthma patients? |
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Definition
| Chronic use in persistent asthma |
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Term
| Long acting beta-agonists are used to do what for asthma patients? |
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Definition
| Relax smooth muscles, lasts > 12hrs, used in persistent asthma, not recommended as monotherapy or for acute symptoms |
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Term
| Leukotrien modifiers are used to do what for asthma patients? |
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Definition
| Block leukotrien synthesis, chronic use in persistent asthma |
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Term
| Mast cell stabilizers are used to do what for asthma patients? |
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Definition
| Alter function of chloride channel in cell membrane, used in persistent asthma prior to exercise, no relief of bronchospasm |
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Term
| Methylxanthines are used to do what for asthma patients? |
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Definition
| Bronchodilator, used due to narrow therapeutic range, used for persistent asthma |
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Term
| Immunomodulators are used to do what for asthma patients? |
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Definition
| Decrease mast cell degranulation via subcutaneous injection ever 2-4 weeks, used in severe persistent asthma |
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