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3.31.15
Class Notes
34
Psychology
Graduate
05/04/2015

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Term
Motivating Operation (MO)
Definition
In Behavior analysis the _____ is not really talked about because it is not a widely accepted concept. To talk about motivation is to talk about constructs that cannot be objectively measures.
Term
Primary/Unconditioned Reinforcers
Definition
Stimuli that function as reinforcers (increase behavior) without the need for prior experience (i.e., innate reinforcers). Examples include food, water, oxygen, sleep, sex
Term
Secondary/Conditioned Reinforcers
Definition
Stimuli that acquire reinforcing properties as a result of experience (i.e., learned reinforcers).
Term
Generalized Reinforcer
Definition
Something that is paired with a wide variety of reinforcers, tends to be insensitive to satiation.
Term
Back-up Reinforcers
Definition
The things that you get to back up the properties of the generalized conditioned reinforcer
Term
Premack Reinforcer
Definition
A high rate behavior can be used as a reinforcer for a low rate behavior
Term
schedule
Definition
A ____ of reinforcement is a rule describing the contingency of reinforcement (i.e., when does a reinforcer get delivered?)
Term
Fixed Schedule
Definition
A parameter or requirement for the reinforcement does not change from one instance of reinforcement to the next.
Term
schedule
Definition
A ____ of reinforcement is a rule describing the contingency of reinforcement (i.e., when does a reinforcer get delivered?)
Term
Fixed Schedule
Definition
A parameter or requirement for the reinforcement does not change from one instance of reinforcement to the next.
Term
Variable Schedule
Definition
The parameter changes from instance of reinforcement to the next and the parameter reflects an average.
Term
Ratio Schdule
Definition
Reinforcement is contingent on some number of responses. The number is the parameter and it will tell us how many responses are required before reinforcement is delivered.
Term
Interval Schedule
Definition
Reinforcement is contingent on the first response after a minimum amount of time has passed.
Term
Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule
Definition
Some, but not all, target responses are reinforced.
Term
maintenance
Definition
Intermittent Schedules are best for _____.
Term
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
Definition
Every Target Response is reinforced.
Term
Extinction
Definition
Reinforcement is withheld for previously reinforced behavior.
Term
non-functional
Definition
When a behavior is _____, it is placed on extinction. Behavior that does not get reinforced anymore, will not be performed anymore.
Term
extinction burst
Definition
Before behavior drops away on extinction, there will be an increase in the frequency, duration, intensity and/or variability of behavior.
Term
Schedule Thinning
Definition
Reducing the density of reinforcement, meaning less and less reinforcement per responding.
Term
resistance to extinction
Definition
Maintenance is actually defined as _____.
Term
Non-Contingent Reinforcement
Definition
Behavior does not have to occur in order for reinforcement to be delivered. Reinforcement is delivered, irrespective of behavior.
Term
Time-Dependent
Definition
NCR is also referred to as _____, with fixed-time and variable-time schedules being associated with it.
Term
problem behavior
Definition
NCR, or time-dependent schedules, are good for dealing with _____ and results in a reduction of motivation to perform for a reinforcer.
Term
contingent
Definition
Usually ____ (if x then y) reinforcement is better than non-contingent reinforcement.
Term
more powerful
Definition
Immediate reinforcement is ____ than delayed reinforcement.
Term
acquisition
Definition
Continuous schedules are better during the _____ stage.
Term
maintain
Definition
Intermittent schedules are better when you want to ____ behavior and build resistance to extinction.
Term
Antecedent
Definition
Cue or Instruction that is given
Term
neutral
Definition
When presenting an Antecedent cue, it tends to be done in a relatively _____ tone of voice, calmly.
Term
concise
Definition
The antecedent cues are _____ in order to focus on the discrimination to be taught.
Term
Response Latency
Definition
Time from the antecedent to the response, best practice is that 5 seconds should pass before the response is considered incorrect
Term
Chained Responses
Definition
Reinforcing two (or more) behaviors in sequence, or co occuring
Term
behavior-specific praise
Definition
If a reinforcer is ever delayed, it is very important to use ____.
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