Term
| What is the ultimate source of energy for all living things? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Process plants use to capture light energy and make complex molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that consume other organisms for energy |
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Term
| Where is chlorophyll in chloroplasts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when a chlorophyll molecule absorbs light? |
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Definition
| green wavelengths are reflected while red and blue are absorbed |
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Term
| Where does oxygen gas come from during photosynthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| How has photosynthesis affected the atmosphere? |
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Definition
| The atmosphere is rich in oxygen gas. |
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Term
| Why is carbon fixation in plants important? |
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Definition
| all organic molecules can be traced back to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere |
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Term
| What is the product of photosystem I |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the products of the light reactions used in the dark reactions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Calvin Cycle? |
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Definition
| A series of reactions that create carbohydrates. |
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Term
| When does the Calvin Cycle occur? |
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Definition
| in both light and dark conditions |
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Term
| How does light intensity affect photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| The rate of photosynthesis increases up to a point at which it stays the same. |
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Term
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Definition
| carry energy essential for life |
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Term
| What is cellular respiration? |
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Definition
| release of energy from the breakdown of food |
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Term
| What is a molecule released from photosynthesis and used in cellular respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a molecule that stores chemical energy in photosynthesis and is used in cellular respiration. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| organic compounds broken down in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic respiration) |
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Term
| What is formed in muscles when oxygen isn't present? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the products of alcoholic fermentation? |
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Definition
| ethanol and carbon dioxide |
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Term
| What equation is this?: glucose + 6 oxygen = 6 carbon dioxide + 6 water + the energy of 36 ATP |
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Definition
| cellular (aerobic) respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the interaction of living organisms with each other and their physical environment |
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Term
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Definition
| physical location of an ecosystem in which a given species lives |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of a single species in an area at a specific time |
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Term
| What is an example of a relationship between a producer and consumer |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| What occurs when organisms require the same food and space |
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Term
| In trophic levels, how much energy is available to the level above an organism? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| one organism benefits, the other neither benefits nor is harmed |
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Term
| In the carbon cycle, what are two important chemical processes? |
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Definition
| cellular respiration and photosynthesis |
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Term
| What are examples of fossils? |
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Definition
| traces of dead organisms, footprints, insects trapped in tree sap, shells, old bones |
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Term
| On what islands did Darwin conduct much of his research? |
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Definition
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Term
| Darwin studied finches. What was his conclusion about them even though they had differently shaped beaks? |
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Definition
| descended and evolved from a common ancestor |
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Term
| According to Darwin, why does evolution occur? |
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Definition
| because of natural selection (reproduce more successfully, because they are better suited to the environment) |
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Term
| What was the main concept of Darwin's book, The Origin of Species? |
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Definition
| species change over time due to natural selection |
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Term
| What is an important part of the ecological systems that causes natural selection to occur? |
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Definition
| natural resources are limited and competition occurs for those resources |
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Term
| True or false - Acquired traits are not used as evidence for evolution. |
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Definition
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Term
| The human appendix is an example of what evolutionary feature? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do homologous structures in organisms suggest? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are vestigial structures? |
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Definition
| structures that no longer serve an important function |
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Term
| What are the wings of a bird and wings of a butterfly examples of in evolution? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do scientists use the fact that organisms have varying similarities in amino acid sequences in their proteins? |
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Definition
| more similar organisms share a more common recent ancestor |
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Term
| True or False - Organisms that share similar amino acid sequences have a common ancestor. |
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Definition
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Term
| Plants and their pollinators have ____________ over millions of years |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do peacocks have brightly colored tail feathers? |
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Definition
| to attract potential mates |
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Term
| How do scientists use DNA sequences to determine evolutionary relationships? |
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Definition
| more similar organisms share a more common recent ancestor |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of alleles into or out of a population |
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Term
| What affects allele frequencies in a population? |
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Definition
| genetic drift, bottleneck, founder effect |
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Term
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Definition
| homologous chromosomes exchange corresponding segments of DNA |
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Term
| When does crossing over occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What divides unequally in the formation of polar bodies in oogenesis (female meiosis)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What provides new genetic combinations? |
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Definition
| random fertilization, crossing over, independent assortment |
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Term
| What traits do diploid cells have? |
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Definition
| two homologous of each chromosome, 2n, chromosomes found in pairs |
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Term
| If a diploid cell has 28 chromosomes, how many are in a haploid cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does the formation of tetrads of homologous chromosomes and crossing over occur in meiosis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| change in a gene due to damage or being copied incorrectly |
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Term
| What causes a frameshift mutation? |
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Definition
| insertion or deletion, NEVER a substitution |
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Term
| What is a mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides? |
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Definition
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Term
| What affect can a mutation have? |
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Definition
| neutral, harmful, or beneficial |
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Term
| How many chromosomes does a person with Down Syndrome have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are histones used for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the situation in which gametes have one of each pair of homologues and are represented by n? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are homologous chromosomes similar? |
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Definition
| size, shape, genetic content |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How do spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ? |
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Definition
| spermatogenesis ends with 4 haploid sperm, oogenesis ends with 1 haploid ovum |
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Term
| If an organism has 34 chromosomes in its diploid cells, how many possible variants can occur in their sperm or egg cells based on independent assortment? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| passing traits from parents to offspring |
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Term
| What is the scientific study of heredity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the 'father' of genetics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a heterozygous genotype? |
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Definition
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Term
| What genotype has two recessive alleles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the physical appearance of a trait called in genetics? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Genotypic ratio = 1:2:1, Phenotypic ratio 3:1 |
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Term
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Definition
| Genotypic ratio = 1:1, Phenotypic ratio = 1:0 |
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Term
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Definition
| Genotypic ratio = 1:1, Phenotypic ratio = 1:1 |
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Term
| What are examples of producers? |
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Definition
| Plants and photosynthetic algae |
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Term
| What do plants use the reactants of carbon dioxide and water to form in the process of photosynthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| In order to fit into their habitat, the finches of Galapagos... |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the basis for differences in organisms for natural selection? |
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Definition
| genetic variation in species |
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Term
| What type of mutation would affect a single amino acid in a protein sequence? |
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Definition
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Term
| Each pair of alleles separate independently from one another is Mendel's... |
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Definition
| Law of Independent Assortment |
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Term
| Alleles separate from each other during meiosis I is Mendel's... |
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Definition
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