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Definition
| the citing of the precise source of information |
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| the practice of reviewing material in advance of publication for the purpose of approving or disapproving content |
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| an agreement reached, before an interview begins, that the interviewer will not print the information the interviewee provides |
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| censorship, or restraint in advance of publication. exercised on publications at STA |
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| a question that is structured to allow the interview subject latitutde in answering; does not allow for a one-word answer |
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| an interview question that can be answered with a response as a simple "yes" or "no" |
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| to include personal opinions in a supposedly objective story |
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-grabs reader's attention & informs quickly
-who, what, where, when, why, & how |
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| a person whose business it is to have the best and most reliable information about the topic, especially important in interviewing |
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| runs all the way across the top of the page |
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| small headlines in the body of the story which break the story into "chapters" |
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| secondary headline, advances story |
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| two facing pages that correspond with one another |
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| less formal story about a topic in the news that is less hard hitting and important |
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| less conventional headline that sometimes contains cliches and alliteration |
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Definition
| a style of news writing in which the main facts appear at the top of the article and less-significant facts follow until the end, where the facts may be dispensable. This gives the reader the essential facts first and permits expansion or contraction in editing and page layout. |
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Definition
| a lead that provides the briefest possible summary of the major facts of a story in the first sentence |
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Term
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Definition
| to use a lead that coaxes readers into a story by encouraging them to read further to see what the lead really means |
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Definition
| a lead that begins with an unattributed quote, should be avoided |
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Definition
| a lead that begins with a question and should be avoided |
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Term
| Name the seven news elements |
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Definition
| timeliness, proximity, human interest, novelty/humor, prominence, conflict, consequence |
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Term
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Definition
| relates to the newness of facts presented in a story |
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Definition
| refers to the nearness of a given event to your place of publication |
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| news element that causes the reader to feel emotion |
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| relates to the abnormality of the subject of a story |
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| refers to the newsworthiness of an individual or organization that is featured in a story |
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| involves tension, surprise, and suspence |
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| refers to the importance of an event |
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| headlines: four things to remember |
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Definition
-use only future and present tense
-avoid passive voice "doer do the doing"
-helping verbs are omitted, "and" is ","
-future tense expressed with "to" |
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Definition
-wordplay
-clever, witty
-slogans, puns, cliches |
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Definition
-no double meanings
-active voice
-strong verbs |
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| proper title for adults (style) |
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Definition
| Mr., Ms., or title such as President, etc. |
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| second reference to person in story (style) |
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| when referring to reverands...(style) |
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Definition
| use "the" ...the Rev. Howard Stone |
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Definition
| capitalize when used directly before names; elected authority or military activity |
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Definition
-all proper nouns
-names of sections of country, but not directions
-full names of schools, clubs, organizations, streets, geographical areas, or companies
-proper names for races and nationalities
-names of athletic teams
-principal words in titles of literature, etc. |
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Term
| do not capitalize: (style) |
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Definition
-one word titles when preceding or following names of adults
-student's grade level when directly before a name
-course titles, except languages
-academic departments
-personal titles used without names
-the words street, company, club, or similar words, unless part of specific name
-a.m., p.m.
-seasons, names of classes, boards and committees, school rooms and buildings |
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Term
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Definition
-Jr. or Sr. following a name, no comma
-long names or other familiar names where there can be no confusion
-"saint" in place names |
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| do not abbreviate: (style) |
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Definition
-days of week
-the words street, avenue, Christmas, railroad, company, fort, or point
-distances, weights, or the words percent and degrees |
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Term
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Definition
-specific dates: "Jan. 8"
-within week: name of day
-never abbreviate individual months
-never use year with date unless there could be confusion
-try and use yesterday, today, tomorrow
-don't use the word "on", or "o'clock" |
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Term
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Definition
-use for ages, dimensions, money, percens, days of month, degrees, hours of day, scores, room numbers, page, chapter, street numbers
-spell out zero-nine, digits for 10 +
-"st", "nd" and "th" after numbered streets above ninth, never with dates
-money under $1, figure + "cents", +$1 = dollar sign
-don't begin sentence with figure
-figures for lists with number below and above ten |
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Term
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Definition
-quotation marks for titles, plays, poems, chapters, moview, songs, radio & TV programs
-italicize book titles
-capitalize and italicize newpaper and magazine names |
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Term
| spelling and usage: (style) |
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Definition
-always use first given spelling in dictionary
-refer to AP style guide
-use shorter spelling for program, quartet, and catalog, no simplified forms of nite and thru
-er form of theater
-no "s" at the end of forward, backward, or toward
-distinguish between homonymns
-alumnus for masculine singular, alumni for masculine plural, alumna for feminine singular, alumnae for feminine plural |
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Term
| Name the 8 photo composition principles |
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Definition
| Fill the Frame, Simplicity, Leading Lines, Original Angle, Repetition, Rule of Thirds, Framing, Break the Rules |
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Term
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Definition
| in a photo with a full frame, the subject takes up most of the space and there is no wasted, empty space around the edges |
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Definition
| a simple photo has very few elements. the center of visual interest grab attention, nothing distracting in foreground or background |
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Term
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Definition
| use lines available in your surroundings to lead the viewer to the main point of interest |
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Definition
| photos taken with an "original angle" provide an interesting view of the subject |
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Definition
| reflects the recurring use of visual arrangements to create order in a design-repetition is mostinteresting when broken |
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Definition
| a method of composing photographs in which the field of vision is divided into thirds horizontally and vertically and the image is placed at the intersection of any two lines- the subject of the photo are off center |
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Term
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Definition
| using the object in the foreground to "frame" something else in the background can help provide visual variety or a new graphic element to a photo |
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| Five elements of photojournalism |
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Definition
| News, candid, honest, active, has deadline pressure |
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Term
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Definition
-viewfinder gives basic estimate of what the lens is seeing
-most point and shoot cameras are rangefinders
-suffer from parallax |
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Term
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Definition
| the difference between what the viewfinder sees and what the camera records, especially at close distances. caused by separation between viewfinder and lens |
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Term
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Definition
| allows you to see through the lens as you look in the viewfinder |
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Definition
| records the image on an image sensor rather than film |
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Definition
| eliminating parts of the photograph around the edges |
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| what not to do when cropping: |
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Definition
-force a photo into a frame to fit size requirements
-don't cut off body parts
-don't crop to change meaning |
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Term
| Four reasons for cropping |
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Definition
-make a photo better
-eliminate unnecessary space or elements
-create an interesting shape
-level out photographs that were crooken when taken |
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Term
| inside-out cropping method |
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Definition
| start at main point of interest and work your way out until every necessary element is included |
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Term
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Definition
-effects perspective & angle of view
-the greater the focal length, the more zoomed in you are
-marked in millimeters on the side |
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Term
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Definition
| how far the foreground and background appear to be separated from one another |
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Definition
| angle that you can view; decreases as zoom increases |
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Definition
| normal perspective; 100 mm have 2x, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| wider at the top with a curved glass covering; shorter focal length and wider field of view |
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Definition
| longer focal length and narrower field of view; used in sports and nature photography |
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Definition
| can be adjusted to a variety of lengths |
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Term
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Definition
| shutter speed, f-stop/aperture, film speed/iso |
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Definition
| the combination of camera settings that determine the amount of light that hits the film |
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Definition
| measured in fractions of a second, 1/8000 to 1 sec, the amount of time that the film is exposed to light |
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Term
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Definition
size of lens opening, a.k.a. f-stop
f/22-f/2.8 |
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Definition
| the area of the picture in front of and behind the center in sharp focus |
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Definition
\iso, sensitivity of the emulsion to light
100-least
3200-most |
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Term
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Definition
\iso, sensitivity of the emulsion to light
100-least
3200-most |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| boxed copy that promotes stories inside the issue |
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Definition
| states the name of the paper as well as the volume and issue numbers |
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Definition
| white space that separates columns and facing pages |
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Definition
| a title with art that identifies a standing feature |
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Definition
| a photo that shows only the head and shoulders of a person |
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Definition
| a line that identifies the photographer who took a photo |
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Definition
| a vertical or horizontal line that separates elements |
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Definition
| visual representation of a statistic |
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Definition
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Definition
| a quote pulled from a story and made into a graphic |
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Definition
| a quote pulled from a story and made into a graphic |
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Definition
| a large capital letter at the beginning of a story |
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Definition
| lines of copy that explain the content of a photo |
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Definition
| a line of copy that indicates where the story will continue |
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Definition
| a consistent margin of white space between photos and copy |
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Definition
| a line that identifies a story's writer |
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| four basic design principles |
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Definition
| create a dominant element, produce contrast, understand balance, create rhythm/repetition |
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Definition
| cover & endsheet designs, synonyms, design elements pulled from cover, design of spreads |
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