Term
| list the major organ involvements in diabetes mellitus |
|
Definition
angiopathy
nephropathy
retinopathy
polyneuropathy |
|
|
Term
| elements of diabetic nephropathy |
|
Definition
glomerulopathy
macro and microangiopathy
recurrent pyelonephritis |
|
|
Term
| forms of ischemic heart disease |
|
Definition
sudden cardiac death
angina pectoris
acute myocardial infarction
chronic ischemic heart disease |
|
|
Term
| causes of reduced coronary perfusion are |
|
Definition
coronary thrombosis
vasospasm
stenosis |
|
|
Term
| the course of AMI at tissue level |
|
Definition
reversible ishemic cell injury
coagulation necrosis
acute inflammatory infiltration
granulation tissue formation
scarring
|
|
|
Term
| major complications of AMI |
|
Definition
cardiac arrest
arrhythmia
mural thrombosis
myocardial rupture
fibrinous percarditis
ventricular aneurysm |
|
|
Term
| major causes of cor pulmonale |
|
Definition
pneumoconiosis
interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
copd
tumors of the lung |
|
|
Term
| general forms of arteriosclerosis |
|
Definition
atherosclerosis
calcifying mediasclerosis
arteriolosclerosis |
|
|
Term
| stages of plaque formation in atherosclerosis |
|
Definition
fatty streak
atheromatous plaque
fibrinous atheroma
complicated plaque |
|
|
Term
| clinical complications of atherosclerosis |
|
Definition
AMI
cerebral shock
aortic aneurysm
renal insufficiency
peripheral arteriopathy |
|
|
Term
| causes leading to chronic endothelial damage |
|
Definition
turbulent blood flow
toxin
viral infection
chr or recurrent acute inflammation |
|
|
Term
| major porto-caval venous anastomoses significant in portal hypertension (liver cirrhosis) |
|
Definition
esophageal venous plexus
rectoanal veins
retroperitonial venous plexus
umbilical/abdominal veins |
|
|
Term
| features of Barret-esophagus? |
|
Definition
reddish spots on esophagel mucosa
glandular epithelial cell metaplasia
transformation potential to adenocarcinoma
complication of esophageal reflux |
|
|
Term
| basic components of acute gastritis |
|
Definition
mucosal erosion
acute inflammatory infiltration
superficial hemorrhage
|
|
|
Term
| basic components of chronic gastritis |
|
Definition
chronic inflammatory infiltration
mucosal atrophy
intestinal metaplasia
regenetatory atypia |
|
|
Term
| major causes of chronic gastritis |
|
Definition
helicobacter pylori
autoimmune processes |
|
|
Term
| significant factors in the development of peptic ulcers |
|
Definition
h. pylori
hyperacidity
nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs
fast stomach emptying |
|
|
Term
| histological layers of chronic ulcer |
|
Definition
superficial necrosis
acute inflammatory layer
granulation tissue layer
massive fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| common complications of chronic peptic ulcers are |
|
Definition
gastric hemorrhage
perforation
scarring |
|
|
Term
| major features of zollinger-ellison syndrome |
|
Definition
gastrin producing tumor
secondary glandular hyperplasia of the stomach
formation of multiple peptic ulcers |
|
|
Term
| most frequent nonepithelial tumors of the stomach |
|
Definition
lymphoma
shwanomma
leiomyosarcoma
GIST |
|
|
Term
| basic features of krunkenberg tumor |
|
Definition
bilateral ovarian metastases
signet ring cell morphology
primary sites are breast, stomach or pancreas |
|
|
Term
| histological features of acute pancreatitis |
|
Definition
parenchymal edema
hemorrage
fat necrosis
acute inflammation |
|
|
Term
| histological features of chronic pancreatitis |
|
Definition
parenchymal fibrosis
loss of acinar component
dilation of ducts
calcification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia |
|
|
Term
| histologic features of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas |
|
Definition
tubular pattern
marked invasivity
desmoplasia |
|
|
Term
| what are common causes of ARDS? |
|
Definition
sepsis
shock
pneumonia
aspiration |
|
|
Term
| major histological components in ARDS |
|
Definition
alveolar edema
necrosis
neutrophils
hyaline membrane |
|
|
Term
| bronchiectasis develops on the basis of |
|
Definition
| acute destructive bronchitis |
|
|
Term
| the principal mechanism of alveolar wall destruction in emphysema |
|
Definition
| insufficient anti-protease activity |
|
|
Term
| which histological types of bronchial carcinomas are strongly associatd to cigarette? |
|
Definition
smoking
squamous cell carcinoma
small cell lung carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| epithelial precursor lesions of lung cancer are |
|
Definition
squamous dysplasia
atypical adenomatosus hyperplasia
idiopathic neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| paraneoplastic shyndromes frequently associated with small cell lung carcinoma |
|
Definition
ACTH secretion
ADH secretion |
|
|
Term
| most freq metastatic pleural tumors are |
|
Definition
lung carcinoma
breast carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| precancerous lesions of oral squamous cell carcinoma are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which histological type of oral squamous cell carcinoma has the most favorable prognosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hepatotrop viruses infecting through a fecal-oral route are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hepatotrop viruses infecting parenterally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| features of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver are |
|
Definition
hyperplastic nodule
well demarcated
central fibrous scar |
|
|
Term
| the most freq primary carcinomas of the liver are |
|
Definition
hepatocellular carcinoma
cholangiocellular carcinoma |
|
|
