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2nd sem minimals
minimals
40
Pathology
Graduate
05/05/2011

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
list the major organ involvements in diabetes mellitus
Definition

angiopathy

nephropathy

retinopathy

polyneuropathy

Term
elements of diabetic nephropathy
Definition

glomerulopathy

macro and microangiopathy

recurrent pyelonephritis

Term
forms of ischemic heart disease
Definition

sudden cardiac death

angina pectoris

acute myocardial infarction

chronic ischemic heart disease

Term
causes of reduced coronary perfusion are
Definition

coronary thrombosis

vasospasm

stenosis

Term
the course of AMI at tissue level
Definition

reversible ishemic cell injury

coagulation necrosis

acute inflammatory infiltration

granulation tissue formation

scarring

 

Term
major complications of AMI
Definition

cardiac arrest

arrhythmia

mural thrombosis

myocardial rupture

fibrinous percarditis

ventricular aneurysm

Term
major causes of cor pulmonale
Definition

pneumoconiosis

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

copd

tumors of the lung

Term
general forms of arteriosclerosis
Definition

atherosclerosis

calcifying mediasclerosis

arteriolosclerosis

Term
stages of plaque formation in atherosclerosis
Definition

fatty streak

atheromatous plaque

fibrinous atheroma

complicated plaque

Term
clinical complications of atherosclerosis
Definition

AMI

cerebral shock

aortic aneurysm

renal insufficiency

peripheral arteriopathy

Term
causes leading to chronic endothelial damage
Definition

turbulent blood flow

toxin

viral infection

chr or recurrent acute inflammation

Term
major porto-caval venous anastomoses significant in portal hypertension (liver cirrhosis)
Definition

esophageal venous plexus

rectoanal veins

retroperitonial venous plexus

umbilical/abdominal veins

Term
features of Barret-esophagus?
Definition

reddish spots on esophagel mucosa

glandular epithelial cell metaplasia

transformation potential to adenocarcinoma

complication of esophageal reflux

Term
basic components of acute gastritis
Definition

mucosal erosion

acute inflammatory infiltration

superficial hemorrhage

 

Term
basic components of chronic gastritis
Definition

chronic inflammatory infiltration

mucosal atrophy

intestinal metaplasia

regenetatory atypia

Term
major causes of chronic gastritis
Definition

helicobacter pylori

autoimmune processes

Term
significant factors in the development of peptic ulcers
Definition

h. pylori

hyperacidity

nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs

fast stomach emptying

Term
histological layers of chronic ulcer
Definition

superficial necrosis

acute inflammatory layer

granulation tissue layer

massive fibrosis

Term
common complications of chronic peptic ulcers are
Definition

gastric hemorrhage

perforation

scarring

Term
major features of zollinger-ellison syndrome
Definition

gastrin producing tumor

secondary glandular hyperplasia of the stomach

formation of multiple peptic ulcers

Term
most frequent nonepithelial tumors of the stomach
Definition

lymphoma

shwanomma

leiomyosarcoma

GIST

Term
basic features of krunkenberg tumor
Definition

bilateral ovarian metastases

signet ring cell morphology

primary sites are breast, stomach or pancreas

Term
histological features of acute pancreatitis
Definition

parenchymal edema

hemorrage

fat necrosis

acute inflammation

Term
histological features of chronic pancreatitis
Definition

parenchymal fibrosis

loss of acinar component

dilation of ducts

calcification

Term
PanIN
Definition
pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia
Term
histologic features of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
Definition

tubular pattern

marked invasivity

desmoplasia

Term
what are common causes of ARDS?
Definition

sepsis

shock

pneumonia

aspiration

Term
major histological components in ARDS
Definition

alveolar edema

necrosis

neutrophils

hyaline membrane

Term
bronchiectasis develops on the basis of
Definition
acute destructive bronchitis
Term
the principal mechanism of alveolar wall destruction in emphysema
Definition
insufficient anti-protease activity
Term
which histological types of bronchial carcinomas are strongly associatd to cigarette?
Definition

smoking

squamous cell carcinoma

small cell lung carcinoma

Term
epithelial precursor lesions of lung cancer are
Definition

squamous dysplasia

atypical adenomatosus hyperplasia

idiopathic neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia

Term
paraneoplastic shyndromes frequently associated with small cell lung carcinoma
Definition

ACTH secretion

ADH secretion

Term
most freq metastatic pleural tumors are
Definition

lung carcinoma

breast carcinoma

Term
precancerous lesions of oral squamous cell carcinoma are
Definition

dysplasia

erythroplakia

Term
which histological type of oral squamous cell carcinoma has the most favorable prognosis
Definition
verrucous carcinoma
Term
hepatotrop viruses infecting through a fecal-oral route are
Definition

hepatitis a

hepatitis e

Term
hepatotrop viruses infecting parenterally
Definition
hep b,c,d
Term
features of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver are
Definition

hyperplastic nodule

well demarcated

central fibrous scar

Term
the most freq primary carcinomas of the liver are
Definition

hepatocellular carcinoma

cholangiocellular carcinoma

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