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Definition
| eukarya, bacteria, archaea |
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| use light for photosynthesis:ergy use co2 for carbon:sugar |
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| use light for energy, eat carbs fats, alcohol for carbon |
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| use inorganic stuff for energy, use co2 for carbon but also h2s and nh3 |
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| use organic compounds for carbon and energy |
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| 3 ways bacteria exchange info |
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Definition
| transduction, transformation, conjugation |
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| when bacteria dies, their dna is lying around everywhere and is picked up by living bacteria |
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| passed through viral injection [accidently gets taken in by virus and passed on] |
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•takes DNA through a tube, unzips the DNA, rolling circle repliation the single one goes through the tube and the other cell can match up its complimentary bases and refills the DNA
•they can pass on material very quickly to others
more then 1 can do it a time |
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| description of prokaryotes? |
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Definition
| No nucleus/organelles, single celled, circular DNA, no sex, binary fission, |
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Term
| description of eukaryotes |
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Definition
| nucleus, organelles, linear DNA |
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Term
| What is a bad characteristic of the 3 domain system? |
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Definition
| It places a large amount of earth's biodiversity into one large polyphyletic group - eukarya |
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Term
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Definition
• form colonies
•long and stringy
•trap sediment
•create structures known as stromadolites |
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Term
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Definition
| reverse reaction is where oxygen is consumed along with food sugars and co2 ss given off as a waste product |
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Term
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Definition
fibrous material is used during resting phase
turns into chromosomes during replication and division |
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Term
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Definition
| small holes in nuclear membrane through mRNA ribosomes and protein pass, after transcription occurs. |
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Term
translation occurs
transcription occurs |
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Definition
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| made of RNA and is the site of ribosome formation |
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Term
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Definition
| folded layers of mitochondria |
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Term
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Definition
| energy in mitochondria is provided by ___? |
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Term
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Definition
| manufacture and package proteins[enzymes in particular] |
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Term
| how do mitochondria divide? |
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Definition
| binary fission [organelle] |
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Term
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Definition
| component that provides for exquisite membrane folds is another characteristic of eukarya |
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Term
| microfilaments composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*give rigidity to cell membrane and can lengthen and shorten as needed (muscle contraction)
*crucial for allowing membranes to fold and double back on themselves |
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Definition
| arranged in pairs or triplets and is involved in cellular movement form structures of cellular components of folding and cell decision |
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Term
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Definition
| microtubules and cilia and flagella[unicellular locomotion] |
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Term
| important purpose of tubulin |
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Definition
| associated with structures that help cell move around, not moving itself like unicellular organisms, rather its moving fluids over tissues as in cilia or epithelial linings |
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Term
| cilia and flagella arrangement |
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Definition
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Term
| centriole and basal body arrangement |
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Definition
| triplet arrangement of microtubules |
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Definition
| ratio to tell how old something is because it stays constant over time and has no radioactive decay |
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Term
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Definition
| consume oxygen in the form of hydrogen peroxide,rendering it harmless by converting it into other compounds |
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Definition
| invagination of the plasmid membrane, the process of taking up particles exterior to the cell. |
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Definition
macronucleus and micronucleus – don’t have same function.
have genetic exchange without eruption. Come together through process of conjugation, share micronuclei with each other so they share that info butt don’t reproduce – they can clone each other
They do exchange genetic material(step towards sexual reproduction) |
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Term
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Definition
| brown algae posess carenoid pigment in chloroplasts |
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Definition
| unicellular and marine and freshwater forms and the intricate skeletons they have is made of silicia and form right beneath cell wall |
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Definition
| show us rudiments of tissue formation |
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| ancestors to plants mainly because of clorophyll |
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Definition
| animal and fungi ancestors |
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Term
| What is the defining character that let’s us group Plants together as a coherent monophyletic group? |
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Definition
| •Location of the developing embryo - relationship of the developing diploid organisms to its parent |
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| haploid, mitosis, produces gametes |
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| reproductive organ of male plants |
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| reproductive organ of female plants |
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| diploid, asexual - produces spores from which the gametophyte arises |
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| cloropyll dependant organisms that have embryos |
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| most primitive type of vascular tissue in plants |
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| strong protein polymer that gets impregnated into woody plants, when the tracheid dies, giving them their characteristic hardness |
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| liverworts, hornworts, moss, lycopods, fern, gymnosperms |
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Definition
| conducts water and nutrients up through the roots and out of the leaves |
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Definition
| small exit holes for gas, open during day for photosynthesis and close at night, guard cells that control oxygen and vapor |
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Definition
| conducts sugars and nutrients [products of photosynthesis] downwards throughout the plant |
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Term
| why do non-tracheophytes remain small and close to the ground? |
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Definition
| Because they lack a vascular transport system, so they stay small, close to water for simple diffusion |
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Definition
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| male cones that produce huge amounts of pollen |
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| oldest taxon of gymnosperms |
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| male and female parts on seperate individuals |
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| male and female part on same individual |
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Definition
| sponge cells that resemble choanoflagellates |
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Term
| sponge colony is composed of? |
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Definition
| extracellular minerals, calcium carbonate or silica, and huge numbers of choanocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| the small and large holes that water flows in and out of in a sponge cell |
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Definition
| forms 2 layers of embryonic cell - ectoderm is outer layer with flagellated cells and mesenchyme is middle layer which contains fibroblasts |
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| secrete collagen as they float around in the extracellular matrix |
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| homologous genes that dictate embryonic development |
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| origination of the animal phyla |
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| coral, jellyfish, sea anemone[sea polyps] |
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| prevate the tentacle in specialized cells of cnidaria with poisonous barbs |
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| lies inside cell that’s spring-loaded and when it’s ejected it enters victim and toxin injected |
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Definition
| photosynthetic aveolids where their cilia terminate in cup-shaped depressions |
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| polyps are tiny and solitary and the medussa stage is dominant; jellyfish |
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Definition
| lives as both medussa and colonial polyp |
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Definition
| free floating medussae that forms the majority of planktonic biomass of world |
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Definition
| endoderm[gust cavity], ectoderm[outer lining], nerve net, muscles but no mesoderm |
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Definition
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Definition
| muscle, connective tissue, blood vessels |
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Definition
| epithelial linings of organs and intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| attach to host and take nutrients from host from intestines. They have a pharengial opening and highly branched intestinal system |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of tentacles, feeding apparatus for brachiopods |
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Term
| What links mollusca and annelida? |
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Definition
| metamerism and closed circulatory system |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of organelles and nuclei within a single membrane - with freely flowing cytoplasm with pretty impressive cell sizes [fungi] [sack full of nuclei] |
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Term
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Definition
have cell walls containing chitin
Absorptive aprophytes; secrete enzymes for extra cellular digestion
Can be unicellular (yeasts) or multi-cellular (mycelia)
Parasitic or symbiotic |
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Term
| How is mychorrizae symbiotic |
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Definition
| helps the root hold water and breaks down organics in the soil to help the roots effectively hold water |
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Term
different lifecycles of plants - alternations of generations, moss, ferns, gymnosperms etc [manual]
tissue differntiatio n- sponges and later forms of animals
broad phylogenies[embryophytes tracheophytes etc]
[diff broad phylogenies weve discussed] |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ungi get sugars from the protists. The protists or bacteria benefit because the fungal cells hold in water and the unicellular organisms need water. The fungi can invade the membranes of the protists and are intimately connected to the products of photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| multicellular fungal specimens |
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Term
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Definition
| multinucleated elongated cells of fungi, haploid nuclei |
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