Term
| What is normal muscle tone? |
|
Definition
- amount of resting tone in a muscle
- component of normal postural mechanism
- continuous mild contraction or mental preparedness in the muscle |
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Term
| Flaccidity is associated with what motor neuron defect? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the characteristics of a flaccid tone? |
|
Definition
- no deep tendon reflexes
- no active movement
- soft muscles
- no resistance to passive movement
- heavy extremity
- can't hold position when moved PROM |
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Term
|
Definition
- decreased muscle tone
- can be both an UMN/LMN lesion
- no deep tendon reflex |
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Term
|
Definition
- contraction of the agonist and antagonist
- no passive movement regardless of speed of force applied |
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Term
Define this type of rigidity:
constant resistance throughout the range |
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Definition
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Term
Define this type of rigidity:
Cogwheel |
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Definition
A rhythmic give occurs in resistance throughout the range
Thought to be rigidity superimposed on tremor |
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Term
| This rigidity occurs most often in TBI's, and the UE displays in flexion |
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Definition
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Term
| What position is held in deceberate posturing? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| velocity dependent stretch reflex |
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Term
| Spasticity is associated with (UMN/LMN?) lesions |
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Definition
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Term
| How long does reflex hyperactivity remain post stroke? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Reflex Hyperactivity can be an adaptive response |
|
Definition
TRUE.
Contracted muscles have an increase in reflex hyperactivity to prevent muscle shortening |
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Term
| Both hypertonia and hypotonia cause the muscle to (lengthen or shorten). |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the Ashworth Scale and Pendulum Test examine? |
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Definition
| Both measure the resistance to movement but the Ashworth scale does not distinguish between reflex activity |
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Term
| Which theories believed in associated movements (synkinesis)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Associated movements are associated with? |
|
Definition
- primitive reflexes
- lack of skill with complex tasks
- difficulty with producing max muscle force |
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Term
| What happens with an abnormal irridation (overflow)of muscle movement? |
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Definition
| When the left side is flexed, the right side will flex as well. |
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Term
| Is there a relationship between spasticity and associated reactions? |
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Definition
| Research has not found any relationship. |
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Term
| Which techniques reduce muscle spindle activity? |
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Definition
- prolonged, passive stretch
- serial casting
- weight bearing postures |
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Term
| What are the pros and cons to spasticity? |
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Definition
PROS: maintained muscle mass, muscle mobility, increased LE circulation, decreased DVT
CONS: Weakness, incoordination (fine motor movements) |
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Term
| With an UMN lesion, what happens to muscle recruitment, contraction, and agonist/antagonist muscles? |
|
Definition
recruitment (movement initiation) is slowed
contraction is prolonged
agonist and antagonist timings are distrupted |
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Term
| Myoplasticity results in: |
|
Definition
| muscle contracture, and atrophy |
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Term
| What are some oral medications to treat spasticity? |
|
Definition
Benzodiazepines
Dantrolene
Baclofen
Tizanidine |
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