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| study of the sound system |
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| the study of the structure of a language |
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| the study of how language is used in particular contexts |
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| personal interpretation based on pass experience |
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| the way a language can bring people together to experience reality |
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| there are different sounds found in languages like Navajo, Coushatta, and Secwepemc, but not in English, Spanish, or French. |
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| Jonah told Sarah he liked Stephanie but Sarah twisted his words around and told Stephanie that Jonah hates Stephanie. |
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| "Could I have a cookie?" or "Those cookies look good," to mean "Give me a cookie." |
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| Indirect and relies more on nonverbal cues when communicating with each other. |
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| Things are fully spelled out; either said or written. |
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| Reveal the speaker’s true intentions, needs, wants and desires |
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| Obscure or minimize the speaker’s true intentions, needs, wants, and desires |
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| The use of rich and expressive language |
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| Understated/Restricted Style |
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| Simple assertions and silence |
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| Verbal Personal Language Style |
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| -Individual centered, “I” language |
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| Verbal Contextual Language Style |
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| -Emphasizes prescribed roles, titles that define place in the hierarchy |
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| Non-dominant group within society’s social structure. |
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Trying to fit into the dominant group
and be accepted by the dominant group |
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| Trying to accommodate or adapt to the dominant |
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| Trying to remain separate from the dominant |
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| communicating through multiple languages |
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| communicating through two languages. |
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| Four functions of nonverbal comm |
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1.Complementing our verbal meanings
2.Regulating verbal interaction
3.Substituting actions for words
4.Contradicting our verbal meanings |
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| Stand closer together, more direct eye contact, touch frequently |
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| Stand farther apart, less eye contact, touch less. |
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| substitute for words and phrases |
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| hand and arm movements which emphasize verbal messages |
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| unintentional body movements used to reduce stress or boredom |
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| gestures used to control conversation |
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| Individuals and cultures tend to schedule things one at a time |
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| Individuals and cultures engage in multiple activities at the same time; |
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| Lower context culture example |
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| Kathrine makes convincing arguement that English culture exhibits both Low and High Culture tendancies and that it would be overly simplistic to declare English culture as Low rather then high context. |
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| Higher context culture example |
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| A Japanese manager explained his culture’s communication style to an American: “We are a homogeneous people and don’t have to speak as much as you do |
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| martin luther king made a speech that directed action to be taken informing others to protest what they believe in |
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| makes the listener feel that their ideas are important.” |
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| the identity of a group or culture |
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| Cultural artifacts (magazines, TV programs, movies, and so on) that convey cultural norms, values, and beliefs. |
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| is the various businesses that produce, distribute, market, and sell creative arts products. |
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| a culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups |
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| the entirety of ideas, perspectives, attitudes, memes, images, |
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| a profile developed determining who content is being produced for the audience. |
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| pop culture characteristics |
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1. It is produced by culture differences
2. It is different from folk culture
3. It is everywhere
4. It fills a social function |
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| bar graphs,tables and line graphs |
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| a fad of 2000 was Text messaging |
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The Hawaiian Hula dance, leis
Cowboy boots, hats and clothing
Country and western music |
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| people who live on the border between two different cultures |
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| the idea a particular language we speak determines our perceptions of reality |
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| combines verbal and nonverbal elements that refers to people using language |
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Thumbs up stands for all right
Shoulder Shrugs for I Don't Know |
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| Is giving direction by pointing |
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| Tapping your pencil or scratching your chin |
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| The hand movements, hand gestures, and positive |
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| Domination through the spread of cultural products |
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| domination or exploitation utilizing technological forms |
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| domination or control through the media |
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| Manusov and Hegde’s study |
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| The students with the preconceptions were more likely to be friendly and positive about the conversation. |
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| Media Imperialism example |
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| In the “Beauty and the Beast” cartoon we clearly see that Walt Disney is not innocent, when the candle follows the broom and she run away the candle keeps on following her. Isn’t obvious that man keep on following women even if they say no and that because of what they saw in a cartoon. |
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| English and Chinese culture spread dominant through culture beliefs |
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| Existing or occurring between persons |
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| Existing or occurring within the individual self or mind |
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| is a battle that occurs between two or more sides with different beliefs |
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| referred to conflicts between different nation-states and conflicts between people and organizations in different nation-states. I |
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| to come into collision or disagreement; |
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| Conflict between two or more cultural groups |
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| affective conflict, conflict of interest, value conflict, cognitive conflict, and goal conflict |
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| Example of conflict of interest |
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| A male manager dates a female employee who reports to him. |
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| Sometimes people will have a conflict because they have a fundamental disagreement on fundamental values. For example, some people may value hard work above all else, while another person thinks it's wrong to waste your life on backbreaking labor. |
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| A prime example of cognitive conflict |
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| smoking cigarettes. While it is commonly known that smoking can cause lung cancer and other diseases, smokers still engage in the activity. There are various schools of thought and theories regarding cognitive conflict. |
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| pursuing a goal to lose weight undermines a goal to go out for ice cream with one’s friends, and vice versa. |
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| opposition to war and violence |
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| 3 characteristics of intercultural conflict |
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Ambiguity
Language issues
Contradictory conflict styles |
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| When individuals are aware of the incompatibility of their feelings and emotions |
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| When people have incompatible preferences for actions or plans |
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| When people have different goals or preferred outcomes |
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| When people have different thought processes or perceptions |
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| Avoidance or indirect approach |
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| more concerned with preserving their own self-esteem during conflict, more direct and discussion |
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| , more concerned with maintaining group harmony, preserving the other person’s dignity, less direct, accommodating and engaging conflict styles |
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