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2nd communications exam
5,6,7,8
81
Communication
Undergraduate 1
03/29/2013

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Cards

Term
phonology
Definition
study of the sound system
Term
Semantics:
Definition
the study of meaning
Term
Syntactics:
Definition
the study of the structure of a language
Term
Pragmatics:
Definition
the study of how language is used in particular contexts
Term
Denotative
Definition
actual meaning of a word
Term
Connotative
Definition
personal interpretation based on pass experience
Term
linguistic relatively
Definition
the way a language can bring people together to experience reality
Term
example phonology
Definition
there are different sounds found in languages like Navajo, Coushatta, and Secwepemc, but not in English, Spanish, or French.
Term
example Semantics
Definition
Jonah told Sarah he liked Stephanie but Sarah twisted his words around and told Stephanie that Jonah hates Stephanie.
Term
example Pragmatics
Definition
"Could I have a cookie?" or "Those cookies look good," to mean "Give me a cookie."
Term
High Context
Definition
Indirect and relies more on nonverbal cues when communicating with each other.
Term
Low Context
Definition
Things are fully spelled out; either said or written.
Term
Direct Style
Definition
Reveal the speaker’s true intentions, needs, wants and desires
Term
Indirect Style
Definition
Obscure or minimize the speaker’s true intentions, needs, wants, and desires
Term
Elaborate Style
Definition
The use of rich and expressive language
Term
Understated/Restricted Style
Definition
Simple assertions and silence
Term
Verbal Personal Language Style
Definition
-Individual centered, “I” language
Term
Verbal Contextual Language Style
Definition
-Emphasizes prescribed roles, titles that define place in the hierarchy
Term
Cocultural groups:
Definition
Non-dominant group within society’s social structure.
Term
Assimilation Strategies
Definition
Trying to fit into the dominant group
and be accepted by the dominant group
Term
Accommodation Strategies
Definition
Trying to accommodate or adapt to the dominant
Term
Separation Strategies
Definition
Trying to remain separate from the dominant
Term
Multiligualism
Definition
communicating through multiple languages
Term
Bilingualism
Definition
communicating through two languages.
Term
Four functions of nonverbal comm
Definition
1.Complementing our verbal meanings
2.Regulating verbal interaction
3.Substituting actions for words
4.Contradicting our verbal meanings
Term
Contact Culture:
Definition
Stand closer together, more direct eye contact, touch frequently
Term
Non-Contact Culture
Definition
Stand farther apart, less eye contact, touch less.
Term
Emblems
Definition
substitute for words and phrases
Term
Illustrators
Definition
hand and arm movements which emphasize verbal messages
Term
Adapters
Definition
unintentional body movements used to reduce stress or boredom
Term
Regulators
Definition
gestures used to control conversation
Term
Monochronic
Definition
Individuals and cultures tend to schedule things one at a time
Term
Polychronic
Definition
Individuals and cultures engage in multiple activities at the same time;
Term
Lower context culture example
Definition
Kathrine makes convincing arguement that English culture exhibits both Low and High Culture tendancies and that it would be overly simplistic to declare English culture as Low rather then high context.
Term
Higher context culture example
Definition
A Japanese manager explained his culture’s communication style to an American: “We are a homogeneous people and don’t have to speak as much as you do
Term
Direct Style example
Definition
martin luther king made a speech that directed action to be taken informing others to protest what they believe in
Term
Indirect Style example
Definition
makes the listener feel that their ideas are important.”
Term
Cultural identity
Definition
the identity of a group or culture
Term
cultural texts
Definition
Cultural artifacts (magazines, TV programs, movies, and so on) that convey cultural norms, values, and beliefs.
Term
Culture Industry
Definition
is the various businesses that produce, distribute, market, and sell creative arts products.
Term
Folk culture
Definition
a culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups
Term
Popular culture
Definition
the entirety of ideas, perspectives, attitudes, memes, images,
Term
reader profile
Definition
a profile developed determining who content is being produced for the audience.
Term
pop culture characteristics
Definition
1. It is produced by culture differences
2. It is different from folk culture
3. It is everywhere
4. It fills a social function
Term
Reading Profile example
Definition
bar graphs,tables and line graphs
Term
Popular culture example
Definition
a fad of 2000 was Text messaging
Term
Folk culture example
Definition
The Hawaiian Hula dance, leis
Cowboy boots, hats and clothing
Country and western music
Term
code switching
Definition
people who live on the border between two different cultures
Term
sapir whorf hypothesis
Definition
the idea a particular language we speak determines our perceptions of reality
Term
communication style
Definition
combines verbal and nonverbal elements that refers to people using language
Term
Example of Emblems
Definition
Thumbs up stands for all right
Shoulder Shrugs for I Don't Know
Term
Example of illustrators
Definition
Is giving direction by pointing
Term
Example of Adapters
Definition
Tapping your pencil or scratching your chin
Term
Example of Regulators
Definition
The hand movements, hand gestures, and positive
Term
Cultural imperialism:
Definition
Domination through the spread of cultural products
Term
Electronic colonialism:
Definition
domination or exploitation utilizing technological forms
Term
Media imperialism:
Definition
domination or control through the media
Term
Manusov and Hegde’s study
Definition
The students with the preconceptions were more likely to be friendly and positive about the conversation.
Term
Media Imperialism example
Definition
In the “Beauty and the Beast” cartoon we clearly see that Walt Disney is not innocent, when the candle follows the broom and she run away the candle keeps on following her. Isn’t obvious that man keep on following women even if they say no and that because of what they saw in a cartoon.
Term
culture imperialism
Definition
English and Chinese culture spread dominant through culture beliefs
Term
interpersonal conflict
Definition
Existing or occurring between persons
Term
Intrapersonal conflict
Definition
Existing or occurring within the individual self or mind
Term
Political conflict
Definition
is a battle that occurs between two or more sides with different beliefs
Term
"international conflict"
Definition
referred to conflicts between different nation-states and conflicts between people and organizations in different nation-states. I
Term
conflict
Definition
to come into collision or disagreement;
Term
intercultural conflict
Definition
Conflict between two or more cultural groups
Term
types of conflict
Definition
affective conflict, conflict of interest, value conflict, cognitive conflict, and goal conflict
Term
Example of conflict of interest
Definition
A male manager dates a female employee who reports to him.
Term
Values Conflict
Definition
Sometimes people will have a conflict because they have a fundamental disagreement on fundamental values. For example, some people may value hard work above all else, while another person thinks it's wrong to waste your life on backbreaking labor.
Term
A prime example of cognitive conflict
Definition
smoking cigarettes. While it is commonly known that smoking can cause lung cancer and other diseases, smokers still engage in the activity. There are various schools of thought and theories regarding cognitive conflict.
Term
Goals Conflict example,
Definition
pursuing a goal to lose weight undermines a goal to go out for ice cream with one’s friends, and vice versa.
Term
pacifism
Definition
opposition to war and violence
Term
3 characteristics of intercultural conflict
Definition
Ambiguity
Language issues
Contradictory conflict styles
Term
Affective conflict
Definition
When individuals are aware of the incompatibility of their feelings and emotions
Term
Conflict of interest
Definition
When people have incompatible preferences for actions or plans
Term
Goal conflict
Definition
When people have different goals or preferred outcomes
Term
Cognitive conflict
Definition
When people have different thought processes or perceptions
Term
Direct approach
Definition
Using precise language
Term
Indirect approach
Definition
Avoidance or indirect approach
Term
Individualist,
Definition
more concerned with preserving their own self-esteem during conflict, more direct and discussion
Term
Collectivist
Definition
, more concerned with maintaining group harmony, preserving the other person’s dignity, less direct, accommodating and engaging conflict styles
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