Term
| What has the higest temporal resolution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the x and y axis represent on M-mode? |
|
Definition
x-axis is time
Y-axis is distance |
|
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Term
| What wave is the end of diastole? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What wave is the end of systole? |
|
Definition
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Term
| How do you change the EKG speed during m-mode across the screen? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What sweep speed would you use for less R waves or cardiac cycles? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What 2 views can be performed in m-mode? |
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Definition
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Term
| During what part of the cardiac cyle is the left atrium measured? |
|
Definition
| end of systole or after T wave |
|
|
Term
| What is consider normal measurement for the left atrium? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Upper Limit normal for left atrium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What wave is the aorta measured? |
|
Definition
| end of diastole or R wave |
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Upper limit normal of the aorta? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is consider abnormal from e point mitral valve to IVS? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| normal measurement for RV free wall |
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Definition
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|
Term
| RVIDd normal measurement? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Normal range for IVSd and PWd |
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the normal value for frctional shortening of the LV? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the formula to calculate fractional shortening of the LV? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Normal value of ejection fraction of LV |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What calculation method is used to covert 2D measurements to provide ejection fraction? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Formula for cubed method? |
|
Definition
| (LVIDd)3-(LVIDs)/(LVIDd)3 x 100 |
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Term
| What is normal percent systolic thickening of the septum and posterior wall |
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Definition
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Term
| Less than 33% thickening of septum and posterior wall indicates? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 0% thickening during systole of the septem or posterior wall indicates? |
|
Definition
| akinetic or dead myocardium |
|
|
Term
| How do you calculate percent systolic thickening of septum |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| How do you calculate percent systolic thickening of posterior wall |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| During what circumstance, 2D measurements should only be done |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what sweep speed should we use when doing m-mode? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Modified simpson is used to calculate what? |
|
Definition
| stroke volume and ejection fraction |
|
|
Term
| What views are used for modified simpson's |
|
Definition
| apical four chamber and two chamber |
|
|
Term
| How do you trave the LV for modified simpson |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the cardiac cylce should you trace the left and right atrial area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is normal left atrial area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is Inferior Vena Cava measured from |
|
Definition
| subcostal position at insertion into the right atrium |
|
|
Term
| What is normal values of IVC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you assess collapsibility of IVC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is systolic heart failure? |
|
Definition
| The inability of the ventricles to contract normally. |
|
|
Term
| What is diastolic heart failure? |
|
Definition
| The inability of the ventricles to relax properly. |
|
|
Term
| Can a person have systolic heart failure without diastolic heart failure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do patients with CHF develop edema? |
|
Definition
| Pressure.....as blood is not being pumped out of the heart properly, this causes pressure to build up in the veins causing congestion in the bodies tissues. |
|
|
Term
| What type of ejection fraction do patients with systolic failure have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of ejection fraction do patients with diastolic failure have?
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|
Definition
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Term
What are the ways a person can be given medication?
(7 listed in notes) |
|
Definition
oral, IV, Intr-muscular, subcutaneous
inhaled, transdermal patch, paste |
|
|
Term
| At what blood pressure does a person have hypertension? |
|
Definition
140 for systolic number
or
90 for diastolic number |
|
|
Term
| What function does a diuretic have? |
|
Definition
| Decreases sodium in the blood which decreases the blood volume to decreases peripheral resistance. |
|
|
Term
What functions do a calcium channel blocker have?
(list 3 functions) |
|
Definition
1. Relaxes the arteriole walls
2. Dilates the arterioles to decrease resistance and
increase blood flow.
3. Decreases the amount of calcium which decreases the
strength of the heart's contraction. |
|
|
Term
| What is the main function of a sympatholytic drug? |
|
Definition
| Reduce sympathetic activity to the heart and blood vessels which will decrease peripheral resistance and cardiac output. |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the Standard Classification system for antiarrythmic drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main function of a vasodilator? |
|
Definition
| To dilate the SMALL arteries which will decrease peripheral resistance. |
|
|
Term
| What is the main function of an ACE inhibitor? |
|
Definition
| Inhibits production of Antiotensin II which will decrease peripheral resistance. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of CHF?
a. bradycardia
b. shortness of breath
c. cardiomegaly
d. pulmonary edema |
|
Definition
| Bradycardia....the patient will have tachycardia |
|
|
Term
| Although ACE Inhibitors are the first line of defense for CHF patients, do they cure the patient? |
|
Definition
| No, just keep the patient's heart from forming aneurysms and help the patient's symptoms. |
|
|
Term
| What is the main function of a Beta Blocker? |
|
Definition
| To keep the heart rate low so the heart is not overworked. |
|
|
Term
| Chest pain that is repeatable and predictible is what type of angina? |
|
Definition
Stable Angina
(Ischemic Angina d/t CAD) |
|
|
Term
| Chest pain that occurs for no reason at any time is what type of angin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for a coronary artery spasm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is NOT an antianginal agent?
a. Beta-adrenergic antagonists
b. Beta Blocker
c. Calcium Channel Blocker
d. Organic Nitrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main function of an organic nitrate? |
|
Definition
| To dilate the arteries and increase blood flow to the heart and decrease peripheral resistance. |
|
|
Term
| What is the method for treating Atrial Fib or Atrial Flutter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Supraventricular Tachycardia? |
|
Definition
| Radiofrequency ablation or druges |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Sustained VT? |
|
Definition
Thump the chest
Cardioversion
Drugs |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Ventricular Fibrillation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia? |
|
Definition
| Implantable defibrillator (ICD) |
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