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27. Heart Sounds
Habib
10
Biology
Graduate
09/29/2011

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Term
Use of the stethoscope bell
Definition
For hearing S3 and S4 heart sounds (lower pitched). Press lightly on steth.
Term
Use of the stethoscope diaphragm
Definition
For hearing high pitched sounds (S1 and S2). Press down firmly on stethoscope.
Term
Heart sound related to carotid pulse
Definition
Associated with S1 and QRS complex.
Term
Location of semilunar valves
Definition
At base of heart
Term
Location of tricuspid and mitral valves
Definition
At apex of heart
Term
Ejection murmer
Definition
Caused by stenotic aortic and/or pulmonary valves. Causes murmur at base of heart. Pressure difference between valve and ventricle is larger than normal (pressure difference goes from small to large to small, creates sudden peak in noise due to sudden turbulent flow, also called crescendo decrescendo murmur between S1 and S2.
Term
Holosystolic murmur
Definition
Leaky AV valves, can be heard at apex of heart, creates turbulent flow of blood from tricuspid and mitral valves back into atria. Results in slow, constant murmur at apex of heart in between S1 and S2.
Term
Timing of S3 sound
Definition
Ventricular gallop that occurs immediately after S2. Beat after S2 can be S3, S2 split (pulmonary valve closes after aortic), or other pathological causes.
Term
Timing of S4 sound
Definition
Occurs right before S1 sound, sounds like S1 is split.
Term
Aortic regurgitation
Definition
Leaky aortic valve in diastole leads to gradual lessening of pressure in aortic valve. Leads to gradually decreasing murmer after closure of aortic valve (S2).
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