Term
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Definition
theories about the causes of one's own feelings and behaviors
eg. absence makes the heart grow fonder |
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Term
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Definition
| in order to change the outcome and predict causality with DV |
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Term
| random assignment to conditions |
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Definition
| random assignment of Ps in order to assure generalization of the conclusion = Ok. |
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Term
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Definition
| Measure against IV to determine strength of causality |
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Term
| empirical realization/ operationalization |
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Definition
translating the conceptual or abstract variables
contained in your hypothesis to real, measurable
construct
Measuring an intangible concept by using physical, measurable standards (ie. measuring anger through facial expression, loudness and pitch of voice, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| the way you manipulate the IV and measure the DV (e.g., $ donated, anagrams remembered) |
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Definition
| abstract (eg. help, memory) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| variable that changes due to manipulations in the IV |
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Term
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Definition
| experimenter looks for results that he wants instead of evaluating the whole scenario |
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Term
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Definition
| extent to which our research allows us to make statements about the causal relation between 2 variables |
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Term
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Definition
| a variable that accidentally / without experimenter's knowledge manipulates the results of the experiment |
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Term
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Definition
The degree to which the relationships
identified in a study can be generalized to:
– other people (what if sample is college students?)
– other settings (what if experiment was in a lab?)
– other ways of measuring or manipulating the IV
and DV |
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Term
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Definition
| repeating an experiment to see if you get same results (aka. repeating to confirm validity of experiment) |
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Term
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Definition
Social psychological research
sometimes requires elaborate
subterfuge to disguise the true
purpose of a study and insure an
unbiased, ―natural response. |
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Term
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Definition
| Institutional Review Board |
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Term
| ethics - informed consent |
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Definition
| Experimenters must attain Ps valid consent before initiating any experimentation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ps must be debriefed after experiment |
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Term
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Definition
| Traits that are highly associated with many other traits and, therefore, imply the presence of many other traits (eg. warm/cold --> extrovert) |
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Term
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Definition
Organized set of knowledge about a
concept or stimulus |
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Term
| schemas - implicit personality theories |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| confirmation bias - primacy effect |
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Definition
Information that is encountered 1st has
a greater impact on impressions than
information that is encountered later |
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Term
| confirmation bias - perserverance effect |
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Definition
Tendency to maintain one’s beliefs
even after they have been discredited |
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Term
| confirmation bias - confirmatory hypothesis - testing |
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Definition
Tendency to selectively seek information
that confirms one’s pre-existing beliefs |
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Term
| confirmation bias - self fulfilling prophecy |
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Definition
Process by which people’s expectations
about a person eventually lead that
person to behave in ways that confirm
those expectations |
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Term
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Definition
Without awareness – reactions that occur
beyond our conscious knowledge of them
• Efficient – reactions that don’t require
much motivation or capacity
• Unintentional – reactions that occur
without our intending them to occur
• Uncontrollable – reactions that are difficult
to prevent |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The process by which recent experiences
increase the accessibility of a schema |
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Term
| cognitive heuristics - anchor & adjust |
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Definition
People use a number or value as a starting
point (―anchor) and then ―adjust
insufficiently from this anchor
Problem: anchor can be an entirely arbitrary value & people usually don't adjust properly |
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Term
| cognitive heuristics - avaliability |
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Definition
People base a judgment on the ease with
which they can bring something to mind
Problem: atypical events are sometimes
easier to bring to mind |
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Term
| cognitive heuristics - representativeness |
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Definition
People classify something according to how
similar it is to a prototypical case
Problem: people ignore base rate
information in favor of the representativeness heuristic |
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Term
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Definition
Characteristics are the opposite of
automatic thinking:
– Conscious, Effortful, Intentional, Controllable |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| thought suppression - monitoring process |
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Definition
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Term
| thought suppression - operating process |
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Definition
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