Term
|
Definition
| Any act performed with the goal of benefiting another person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The idea that behaviors that help a genetic relative are favored by natural selection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future |
|
|
Term
| Social Exchange Theory (Revisited) |
|
Definition
| also conceptualizes prosocial behavior as selfish behavior ~~ Helping provides rewards |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability to put oneself in the shoes of another person and to experience events and emotions (e.g., joy and sadness) the way that person experiences them |
|
|
Term
| Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis |
|
Definition
| The idea that when we feel empathy for a person, we will attempt to help that person purely for altruistic reasons, regardless of what we have to gain |
|
|
Term
| Urban Overload Hypothesis |
|
Definition
| The theory that people living in cities are constantly being bombarded with stimulation and that they keep to themselves to avoid being overwhelmed by it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The greater the number of bystanders
who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of them is to help the victim |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bystanders’ assuming that nothing is
wrong in an emergency because no one else looks concerned |
|
|
Term
| Diffusion of Responsibility |
|
Definition
| The phenomenon whereby each bystander’s sense of responsibility to help decreases as the number of witnesses increases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The qualities that cause an individual to help others in a wide variety of situations |
|
|
Term
| Negative-State Relief Hypothesis |
|
Definition
| Feel bad, do good: People often act on the idea that good deeds cancel out bad deeds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aggression as a means to some goal—the goal isn’t to cause pain |
|
|
Term
| Hostile (AKA Emotional) Aggression |
|
Definition
Aggression as an end, not a means
• Aggression that stems from feelings of anger or frustration
• The goal is to cause pain |
|
|
Term
| Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis |
|
Definition
| Frustration leads to aggression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| we learn to act aggressively and we learn the consequences of aggression |
|
|
