Term
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Definition
| a drive or feeling of discomfort, originally defined as being caused by holding 2+ inconsistent cognitions and subsequently defined as being caused by performing an action that is discrepant from one's customary, typically positive self-conception |
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Term
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Definition
| the arousal of dissonance by having individuals make statements that run counter to their behaviors and then reminding them of the inconsistency between what they advocated and their behavior. The purpose is to lead individuals to more responsible behavior. |
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Term
| counter attitudinal advocacy |
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Definition
| stating an opinion or attitude that runs counter to one's private belief or attitude |
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Term
| self-evaluation maintenance model |
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Definition
Tesser
When & How to maintain positive sense of self when in social comparison
Comparison Process (against others) v. Reflection Process (against self)
BIRGing |
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Term
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Definition
| dissonance aroused after making a decision, typically reduced by enhancing the attractiveness of the chosen alternative and devaluating the rejected alternatives |
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Term
| insufficient justification |
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Definition
| Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)- $1 vs. $20 to lie about a boring study |
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Term
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Definition
Don't need to resolve inconsistency
Can restore self worth by reaffirming self in domain unrelated to inconsistency
We prefer to deal with our threats directly, but we'll deal with threat in any way they can |
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Term
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Definition
| evaluation of people, objects, and ideas |
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Term
| cognitive component of attitude |
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Definition
| and attitude based primarily on people's beliefs about the properties of an attitude object |
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Term
| behavioral component of attitude |
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Definition
| an attitude based on observations of how one behaves toward an attitude object |
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Term
| affective component of attitude |
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Definition
| an attitude based more on people's feelings and values than on their beliefs about the nature of an attitude object |
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Term
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Definition
| the finding that the more exposure we have to a stimulus, the more apt we are to like it |
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Term
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Definition
the phenomenon whereby a stimulus that elicits an emotional response is repeatedly paired with a neutral stimulus that does not until the neutral stimulus takes on the emotional properties of the 1st stimulus
US --> UR; US + CS --> UR; CS --> CR |
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Term
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Definition
| the phenomenon whereby behaviors we freely choose to perform become more or less frequent, depending on whether they are followed by a reward (positive reinforcement) or punishment. |
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Term
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Definition
| we can measure the strength of a person's attitude by seeing how accessible it is in memory ~~ if attitude is highly accessible, then it comes to mind quickly ~~ if attitude is highly inaccessible, it comes to mind more slowly |
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Term
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Definition
| attitudes that we consciously endorse and can easily report |
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Term
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Definition
| attitudes that are involuntary, uncontrollable, and at times unconscious |
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Term
| theory of planned behavior |
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Definition
| the idea that the best predictors of a person's planned, deliberate behaviors are the person's attitudes toward specific behaviors, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control |
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