Term
LO1-Identify what a preliminary investigation is, and the related activities including:
*Providing for needs of the victim
*Interviewing the victim, complainant, and witnesses
*Evaluating facts present in statements and observed at the scene to determine:
--What crime occurred
--The need for assistance
--To identify the perpetrator
--Identify any relevant evidence
*Documenting/gathering the information discovered (field notes)
*Communicate the information to other officers/supervisors who will continue the investigation.
*Securing/protecting the scene. |
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Definition
-The preliminary investigation is the first step in the investigation. The officer will determine if a crime has been committed.
-Rendering appropriate aid to victims
-Locating and interviewing victims and witnesses
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Term
| LO2-Identify the importance of determining whether the call is criminal or non-criminal. |
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Definition
You must determine if you have a criminal or non-criminal call so that you can take the proper actions to resolve the issue.
NO CRIMINAL ACT:
-You may not be able to take further police action.
-May still need to be present at some civil cases
-Explain why you can’t take police action
-Try to give the complainant other resources for solving his problem.
CRIMINAL ACT OCCURRED:
-Determine what crimes may have occurred
-Establish all the elements of the criminal act
-Proceed with the investigation.
-Call for assistance/special assistance if necessary.
-Thoroughly document your observations/actions
-Take statements (witness, victim, suspect).
-Separate and secure (victims/witnesses/suspects)
-Protect/search the scene.
-Always consider need for warrant. |
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Term
| LO3-List basic sources of information immediately available at the preliminary investigation stave of inquiry |
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Definition
-Information from witnesses and victims
-Observations of the scene
-Information through NCIC
-Drivers license information
-Information through local records.
-Vehicle information (VIN) |
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Term
| LO4-Identify various qualities desirable in a witness. |
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Definition
-Present at the event
-Conscious of the event
-Attentive during the event
-No personal agenda (bias or personal involvement) |
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Term
| LO5-List the mechanisms that affect the accuracy of a witness’ observations |
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Definition
-Considering the information unimportant or insignificant
-Fearful of retaliation
-Not trust the police
-Bias to one party or the other
-Wanting to be overly helpful and embellish the facts
-Intoxicated/ impaired
-They may be generally uncooperative |
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Term
| LO5-Responding to the scene |
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Definition
Arrive safely/promptly
-Record time you received call and what time you arrived.
-Record weather conditions
-Gain as much information as possible before entering the scene.
-Don’t waste time beginning the investigation.
-Render first aid if needed/summon ambulance.
-Do protective sweep (there could be additional victims/suspects) |
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Term
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Definition
Types of Witnesses:
-Willing
-Unwilling
-Unreliable
-Biased
-Frightened
-Hostile
-Deceitful
How to Locate Witnesses:
-Canvassing neighborhood (during the same time frame the crime was committed)
-Find those who live/work near the scene
-Interview friends, relatives, associates
*Anyone interviewed should be ID’d in the written report that includes: Full name, sex, DOB, race, SSN if possible, home address/phone, business address/phone, how/where they want to be contacted.
*When possible, get a written statement from witnesses. |
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Term
| LO6-Identify issues involved in determining who the victim is during a preliminary investigation. |
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Definition
The victim may be UNKNOWN:
-May be hard to tell who the victim is
-There may be more than one victim
-May be two people claiming to be the victim
The victim may be ABSENT:
-If the victim has left the scene it may be hard or impossible to tell if a crime has been committed.
The victim may be UNCOOPERATIVE:
-May even be hostile to the police for many reasons:
--Gang affiliations
--Prior experience with Police
--Intoxication
--A desire to solve the problem themselves |
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Term
| LO7-List basic contribution the victims and witnesses may make to the investigation. |
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Definition
-Establish the elements of a crime
-Leading investigators to important physical evidence
-Providing important testimonial evidence
-Leading investigators towards a suspect
-Eliminating persons as suspects |
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Term
| LO8-List kinds of information that may be gained from evaluation of the crime scene. |
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Definition
-Establish the elements of a crime
-Determine how the crime occurred
-Determine the sequence of events
-Determine the perpetrators of the crime
-Gain physical evidence necessary for prosecution |
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Term
| LO9-List the classes of descriptions information useful for identification of property damaged or illegally taken from the scene. |
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Definition
-Color
-Size
-Age
-Cost
-Detailed Descriptions
-Any Damage
-Identifiers, i.e. model and serial numbers
-Anything at all the makes it unique |
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Term
| LO10-List the information normally used to describe a suspect in a preliminary investigation. |
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Definition
Suspect On Scene:
-If you have PC = arrest suspect
-If no immediate PC then, remove suspect from the immediate scene, keep separate from all other parties
-Record their info/check for warrants.
Suspect No Longer On Scene then Obtain Description:
-Height/Weight
-Race/Ethnicity
-Build
-Complexion
-Age
-Hair Color/Style/Facial Hair
-Speech Patterns, Scars/marks/tattoos
-Teeth or lack thereof
-Clothing
-Glasses
-Jewelry |
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Term
| LO11-List areas of assistance that a LEO should provide a victim generally and in specific instances such as sexual assault and domestic violence. |
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Definition
In General:
-Safety of the victim
-First Aid
-Secure the perimeter
-Summon EMS
Sexual Assault:
-Explain a sexual assault kit to the victim and that there is no cost for the kit
-Transport the victim to the hospital for the sexual assault kit
-Refer victim to sexual assault counseling or assistance center in your area.
In Domestic Violence:
-Separate the parties involved
-Provide information to the victim as required by statute KSA 22-2307
-Transport the victim to a safe home if requested.
*Call for special assistance/those who have special knowledge about these crimes. |
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Term
| LO12-Identify circumstances when it may be necessary to summon special assistance, i.e. sexual assault, child abuse. |
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Definition
-Suspicious Death Investigation
-Child Abuse
-Sexual Assault
-Traffic Fatality
-Hostage/Barricaded Suspect
-Arson
-Catastrophic Events |
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Term
| LO13-Identify the proper procedures which the first responder should follow at the scene of a HOMICIDE, MANSLAUGHTER, or SUICIDE (DEATH CALLS) |
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Definition
-Record time of notification/where the call originated from
-En route watch for suspicious person, torn or bloody clothing, and persons being evasive
-Approach with care
-Record license numbers on vehicles in the area
-Be careful not to destroy evidence
-Check for life signs, get help if victim is gives any signs of live
-Notify Coroner/investigations if individual shows no signs of life.
-Contain the scene
-Prevent entry into the scene
-Protect evidence
-Record ID of all present.
-Obtain family doctor’s name if possible. |
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Term
| LO13-Identify the proper procedures which the first responder should follow at the scene of a ROBBERY. |
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Definition
-Be very observant while approaching the scene
-Approach with officer safety in mind
-Remain alert
-Watch for employee’s strange behavior
-Briefly interview those involved and promptly broadcast information on the suspect |
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Term
| LO14-Identify issues that may arise concerning assisting other emergency services like EMS and Fire Departments. |
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Definition
-Entry into a residence
-Traffic control
-A combative person
-Dealing with possible criminal matters |
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Term
| LO1 List and describe component parts of a successful communication process. |
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Definition
*Sender-The sender has an idea
*Encode-The sender encodes the idea by selecting the words, phrases and sentences used to turn the idea into an organized coherent form
*Transmit- The sender transmits the idea.
*Receive- The message is received
*Decode- The receiver interprets the message
*Understands- The receiver understands the message
*Feedback- The receiver gives the sender feedback to let the sender know that the message was received and that the communication understood. |
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Term
| LO2 Define “noise” and describe two types. |
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Definition
Anything that interferes with the content of the message being transmitted or received.
*Internal-refers to any psychological interference including fear, bias, and prejudices
*External- is any environmental noise like passing cars, other speakers, or anything else heard |
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Term
| LO3 Define “encoding” and “decoding” as they pertain to a communication process. |
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Definition
*Encoding is selecting the words, phrases and sentences that are used to turn the message into a coherent and organized form to be given to the receiver.
*Decoding is the way the receiver interprets the message from the sender.
*Code of Past Experiences: Based on a person’s experiences which shape their mindset. |
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Term
| LO4 List and describe the forms of communication. |
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Definition
*Intra-personal Communication: communication with one’s self, reflection, self talk, etc.
*Dyadic Communication: communication between two individuals
*Small Group Communication: communication and interaction within and among a small number of persons, rules of the group guide the interactions and therefore the communications
*Public Speaking: where one speaker address a fairly large audience, more formal, limited interaction between speaker and audience
*Mass Communication: through media such as TV radio, magazines, newspapers, or other medium, this is the most impersonal. |
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Term
| LO5 List the purposes of communication. |
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Definition
-To change attitude
-To change behavior
-Entertainment
-Self discovery and growth
-Venting emotions
-Discovery of the external world
-Establish relationships
-Share information |
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Term
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Definition
-Perception: Person’s view of reality
-Sensory Perception: Physical reality
-Normative Perception: Personal preference/opinion
-Semantics: Meaning assigned to words by the person using them; contextual meanings; word coinage.
-Inference: Deriving a conclusion from facts/premises |
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Term
| LO6 List and describe barriers to interpersonal communication:(CAUSED BY THE SPEAKER) |
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Definition
-Too emotional or not enough emotion
-Inappropriate message or setting for audience
-Disorganized, disjointed, rambles, is not concise
-Doesn’t use feedback
-Poor vocal qualities (tone, speed or volume) |
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Term
| LO6 List and describe barriers to interpersonal communication:(CAUSED BY THE LISTENER) |
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Definition
-Negative attitude to speaker or subject
-Intolerant of other views and ideas
-Jumps to conclusions before hearing the message
-Suspicious of the speaker or the speaker's motives |
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Term
| LO6 List and describe barriers to interpersonal communication:(CAUSED BY EITHER THE SPEAKER OR LISTENER) |
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Definition
-Hostile
-Self-centered
-Non-responsive
-Over generalizations
-Physical disability
-Differing contexts
-Stereotyping
-Intensity
-Black or white thinking without shades of grey
-Dogmatic |
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Term
| LO6 List and describe barriers to interpersonal communication:(CAUSED BY EXTERNAL TO SPEAKER OR LISTENER) |
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Definition
*Low credibility of the information
*Message distorted in transmission
*Interruptions:
--The size of the group is too large
--There is too much external noise |
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Term
| LO7 List the elements which affect verbal interpersonal communications. |
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Definition
*Tone (pitch, inflection, and emphasis):
-Reflects attitude
-Easily changes meaning of words
-Causes most of the complaints against LEO’s
*Rate of Delivery:
-A slow rate is usually calm
-A fast rate tends to excite
*Volume |
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Term
| LO8 List the basic positive qualities for effective verbal communication. |
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Definition
-Fluent
-Use appropriate vocabulary
-Tone, rate, and volume must match message to situation
-Speaker must be flexible enough to adjust to listener
-Must work at both understanding and being understood
-Patience/willingness to work our barriers to effective communication |
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Term
| LO9 Identify the importance of nonverbal communication. |
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Definition
Non-verbal communication:
-Makes up 50-60% of how we communicate
-Most communication is non-verbal communication.
-Includes facial features, eye movement, body language, and body posture.
*7-10% actual spoken words
*33-40% vocal nuance
Face is Capable of 6 Expressions:
Fear, surprise, disgust, anger, happiness, sadness |
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Term
LO10-Define personal space as nonverbal communication.
(PROXEMICS) |
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Definition
*Intimate Space (0-18’’):
-Only people we know and have affection for are allowed in
-Most people are agitated or uneasy when this space is violated
*Personal Space (18’’ to 4’):
-Family and friends
-People are generally apprehensive when someone else enters it
*Social Space (4’ to 12’):
-Most daily activities are completed at this distance
-Satisfies our protective instincts
-“Business distance”
*Public Space (12’ to 25’):
-Farthest distance we can have face to face
-Communication conversations at this distance are generally very impersonal |
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Term
| LO11-List basic types of body language and how each influence nonverbal communications. |
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Definition
-Facial Expression-the movements of the face can tell many thoughts
-Eyes
-Body Language/Posture
-Body Orientation
-Physical Contact
-Gestures
-Vocal Nuance
-Appearance |
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Term
| LO12-Identify the basic characteristics of effective interpersonal communication. |
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Definition
-Articulation
-Clarity
-Pace
-Volume
-Body language
-Gestures
-Facial expressions
-Be a good listener
-Paraphrase
-Give your full attention
-Eye Contact |
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Term
| LO13-Identify culture as effecting effective interpersonal communication. |
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Definition
-Cultural differences may affect communication
-Not every culture will respond the same
-Must evaluate the totality of circumstances in light of threatening statements/gestures |
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Term
| LO14-Identify that characteristics of the active listening process. |
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Definition
-Empathy:Trying to look at things from the speaker’s position instead of from the listener's own perceptions or experiences
-Acceptance:Quality of being non-judgmental, respecting the other persons individually and basic worth as a person
-Congruence:Quality of openness and frankness
-Concreteness:Concentrating on specifics and avoiding/eliminating vagueness or generalities |
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Term
| LO15-List the basic benefits of listening. |
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Definition
-Increased officer safety
-You do your job better
-Reduces tension
-Better cooperation
-Make better decisions
-You are better able to help the people |
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Term
| LO16-Identify basic stages of the listening model. |
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Definition
Hear the message
both words and other sounds, external noise may interfere
Interpret the message:
-Assigning meanings to the words
-Code of past experiences because most miscommunication
Evaluate the message:
-Think about what is said, distinguish facts from opinions
-Pay attention to verbal and non-verbal cues
-Don’t rush to make judgments, make sure you understand
Respond to the message by:
-Paraphrasing
-Making neutral summaries
-Questioning
-Taking appropriate actions |
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Term
| LO17-Describe “feedback” and list and describe basic types of effective feedback. |
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Definition
Feedback:
-Information provided about messages that have been received.
-Used to gauge the effectiveness of the transmission and helps continue communication.
-Can be provided by either the sender or the receiver.
Types of Feedback:
-Immediate=feedback loses effectiveness over time
-Honest=the truth not just what the sender wants to hear
-Appropriate=adhere to social and cultural norms
-Clear=not muddled or ambiguous |
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Term
| LO18-List basic factors that influence listening. |
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Definition
Personal characteristics:
-Code of past experiences
-Personal values system
Education:
-Is it similar to the audience and sender
Psychological:
-Stress level and ego involvement
Speaker Reputation:
-Listen more carefully if we agree with speaker
-Listen less carefully if we disagree with speaker
Listening Environments:
-Distractions |
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Term
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Definition
-Decide in advance we aren’t interested
-Focus on poor delivery of speaker
-Become too anxious to make your point
-Try to focus on every fact presented and miss the main point
-Trying to write everything down
-Avoiding difficult subjects |
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Term
| LO19-Describe basic characteristics of effective listening. |
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Definition
Do not fake understanding:
-Admit when you lose track of what the speaker is saying and ask then to explain further
Do not tell the speaker you know how they feel:
-You probably don’t and the speaker may view you as patronizing or phony.
Vary your responses:
-There is no single right response.
-Let the speaker know you understand and encourage them to continue
Focus on feelings:
-Do not ignore the emotional content of the message. Be aware of the speaker’s attitude, values, or opinions.
Develop a vocal empathy:
-No matter how empathetic your words, if your tone is cold and cynical, the speaker may not feel comfortable |
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Term
| LO20-Communicating with Special Populations. |
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Definition
-Disabled person will react based on who they are, not their disability
-Officers should never view anyone as one-dimensional
-Do not lower your standards of officer safety
-Offer help - don’t force yourself upon them
-Talk directly to them
-Be natural and communicate as you would any other person. |
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Term
| LO20-Describe basic techniques which can be used to communicate with a deaf and/or mute person. |
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Definition
-Gain the person’s attention by intruding into line of site / tapping them on the shoulder
-Resources of sign language
-Use pen/paper to communicate
-Lip reading
*Remember, person may be unable to hear any audible warning sounds. |
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Term
| LO21-Describe basic techniques which can be used to communicate with delayed, blind, or otherwise challenged persons. |
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Definition
-There are different degrees of visual impairment
-Don’t gesture to others
-Speak clearly and introduce yourself
-May need to record when making statements
-Explain what you are doing
-If you need to guide them, have them grasp your elbow/arm. |
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Term
| LO22-Define the purpose of “Tactical Communications” as generating voluntary compliance to police authority. |
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Definition
| Generate voluntary compliance without the need to use coercive physical force. |
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Term
| LO23-Define the following and how they relate to Tactical Communications. |
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Definition
Voice- is the way it is said and the words, tone, volume, pace and pitch
Body Language- conveys the largest portion of the meetings meanings, includes gestures, eye contact, and facial expressions.
Role- Performing, role player, showtime (mentally prepares the officer for the task at hand). |
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Term
| LO24- Identify characteristics traits of persons under stress. |
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Definition
Irrational
May fight if their ego is crushed
Non-compliant |
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Term
| LO25- Identify suggested responses for officers when communicating with persons under stress. |
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Definition
Strip phrases: “ ‘preciate that but…”
Peace phrases:
“You look like a reasonable person”
“Will you assist me?”
“I need your help here can we work together on this”
“Please, let me explain”
“Let’s work together on this”
“Let me apologize”
“Let me apologize in advance”
“Are you going to be able to go along with me on this?”
“I agree sir, that is a good choice”
“Please understand our need for caution”
“Thanks for your cooperation” |
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Term
| LO26-Identify and define the four components of the deflection format. |
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Definition
Don’t match your voice to the subjects-
Reflect professionalism and good natured unflappability, use humor in your responses
Acknowledge the subject’s words-
Don’t ignore the subjects words, nobody likes to be ignored. If you ignore them they are likely to become more difficult
Ignore the resistance in the words- don’t get angry. don’t try and win battles, just ignore the resistance and stay calm.
Refocus on your request/Springboard- it's vital that the officer doesn’t let the verbal resistance push him or her off track. *KATA |
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Term
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Definition
Say what you want, do what I say
I’ve got the last ACT, you’ve got the last word
REspect and. Respect (professional/given vs. personal/earned). |
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Term
| LO27-Describe and identify characteristics of the following: |
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Definition
“Yes People”
-Single key people
-Will comply with LEO's
-When they are exposed to rudeness or bias we lose them
“No People”
-Multi key people
-Compliance must be gained using the tactical 5 step process
-Difficult person
“Maybe People”
-Wimps/Sneaky/Backstabber
-May look and sound like yes people but are just waiting for a chance to attack when we are off guard. |
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Term
| LO28-Identify and define the five components of the tactical compliance format. |
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Definition
%-Step Hard-Style
Ask (ethical appeal):
-Most people will comply, difficult people won’t comply.
Set context (reasonable appeal):
-Explain why we’ve asked them to do something; back it up with the law
-Most will comply; 7/10 difficult people will comply
-Powerful in establishing your position
Weakest appeal (people under stress are irrational)
-Ask again
Present options (personal appeal; 2nd most effective):
-8/10 difficult people will comply
-Not a threat
-Present best option first
-Do they have something to lose? If yes, use that (home, job, money)
Confirm (practical appeal):
-Confirming they understand what the options are.
-“Is there anything I can say to gain your compliance?”
Act (arrest, control, transport):
-Security, assault, flight, excessive repetition of 5-step, revised priority (ALWAYS ACT WHEN S.A.F.E.R.) |
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Term
| LO29-Describe the concept of power/ peace phraseology and correctly identify examples of power/peace phrases. |
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Definition
-Officers often gain cooperation when they are cooperative and try and show respect and consideration for the other person.
-They generally deal with requesting assistance or cooperation, explanation, apology and acknowledging positive actions.
PEACE PHRASES:
“You look like a reasonable person”
“Will you assist me?”
“I need your help here can we work together on this”
“Please, let me explain”
“Let’s work together on this”
“Let me apologize”
“Let me apologize in advance”
“Are you going to be able to go along with me on this?”
“I agree sir, that is a good choice”
“Please understand our need for caution”
“Thanks for your cooperation" |
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Term
| LO30- Identify the importance of a friendly greeting and identification of the officer and agency represented on a vehicle stop. |
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Definition
Friendly Greeting:
-The first word spoken often set the tone for the entire stop.
-Use “good morning”, “good evening”, or “good afternoon”
-Not greeting that ask for a response
Identify Self:
-Reduces the likelihood of argument, it is more difficult to argue with someone who is courteous, and has introduced themselves to you
Identify Agency:
-Tells the motorist what jurisdiction they are in
-Centers authority and command presence in the officer
-Reminds the motorist that you represent the law and an law enforcement agency |
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Term
| LO31- Identify important reasons to explain the reason for the stop to violators. |
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Definition
Many complaints about officers are “he did not tell me why…”
Asking if they know why they were stopped only increases the chance of an argument.
Be sure to say the vehicle was seen doing something not the driver. |
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Term
| LO32-Identify when to tell the person the reason for the stop. |
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Definition
| You give the reason for the stop immediately following the greeting and introduction. |
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Term
| LO33-Identify and define reasons officers should ask the driver if there was any justified reason for the violation. |
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Definition
Asking invokes the fair play response, the violator perceives that the officer is interested in hearing their side of the story
There may be an explanation such as a sudden malfunction or a medical emergency |
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Term
| LO34-Identify, in order, the sequence of communication task for the officer on a vehicle stop (Tactical 8 Step) |
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Definition
Greeting- sets tone of stop
Introduce Self and Agency- est. LEO authority, and tells jurisdiction
Reason for the Stop- stops the most common complaint
Justification- makes the person feel as if they can tell their side
Request Drivers License-
Request Registration and Insurance (Proof of)
First, ask where these items are located. Without lunging/moving/reaching.
Are there any weapons?
Assess the situation according to YOUR safety.
Decision or Disengage- tell them to stay in vehicle while you return to your car to check their information and documentation
Closing-explain citation, say thank you for your cooperation and advise them to drive safely
**If you get resistence go to the 5-step
*LEAVE THE PERSON BETTER THAN HOW YOU FOUND THEM.
ADVANTAGES
Officer safety
Courteous
Centers command presence
Buys assessment time
Sounds good
Creates style for articulation
Reduces profiling complaints (the same with everyone). |
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Term
| LO1-Explain the role of psychology of deception in interviewing and interrogation |
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Definition
Deception: An attempt to create a false impression in the mind of the recipient.
Types of Lies: white lies, avoid conflict, omission, no truth, embellish
Why People Lie: They think it is in their best interest to do so. They also want to avoid real/personal consequences. |
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Term
| LO2 + LO3-Identify the goals and principles of an interview |
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Definition
*A process of obtaining information from people. It takes time."
*BEGIN MIRANDA AT THIS STAGE EARLY!*
GOALS:
-To Get Facts
-Determine Truthfulness
-Identify interrogation keys
PRINCIPLES:
-Flexible setting
-Conversational
-Controlled
-Interviewee controls
-Not accusatory
-Note taking |
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Term
| LO2 + LO4-Identify the goals of an interrogation |
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Definition
GOALS:
-Obtain Admission
-Obtain a Full confession
-Document confession in writing, on tape, etc.
PRINCIPLES:
-Less conversational
-Interviewer controls the conversation
-Accusatory
-Private setting/interviewer’s turf
-No note taking
-Note proxemics |
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Term
| LO5-Identify the components of successful interviewing and interrogation |
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Definition
Patience - Don’t appear to be in a hurry
Planning - Know the facts of the case
Professionalism - Use verbal judo; have to be an actor, take ego out and have control of your emotions; stay focused.
Ability to Detect Truth or Deception
Art of Persuasion
Positive Attitude
Ethical/Legal Conduct (see LO6)
Building Rapport
Question Phraseology |
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Term
| LO6-Identify ethical issues related to conducting interviews and interrogations. |
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Definition
Make No Promises Or Guarantees
Don’t Use Coercive Methods (Physical Force, or Threat)
Cannot Deprive Subject of Basic Needs (Food, Drinks, Bathrooms, etc)
Can Mislead About Cases Facts
Don’t Get Caught in a Bluff, Leave A Way Out |
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Term
| LO7-Explain the types of question phraseology used in interviewing and establish the principle usage of each. |
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Definition
Open Ended - Questions that elicit a broad response; builds rapport; allows the interviewee to speak.
Closed - Elicit short questions (“Tell me your name.”)
Assumptive - Assume certain things to be facts.
Leading - Limit response a person can give / gives suggestions to them. DO NOT use this on juveniles / mentally handicapped individuals.
Loaded - Allows subject to make admission. Loads a more serious question into another question.
Bait - Sounds harmless, non-accusatory (“We dusted for fingerprints. Is there any reason YOURS would be on there?”) |
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Term
| LO8-Identify the cognitive interview technique. |
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Definition
Used mostly for victims and witnesses
Reconstruct events
Report everything
Report events in a different order
Change perspective |
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Term
| LO9-Identify the Behavioral Analysis Interview (BAI) Technique |
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Definition
Structured and non accusatory question and answer session with suspect or victim whose allegation is suspicious.
Establish a norm of behavior by asking personal questions that allow interview to look for normal behavior from truthful answers
Designed to get both verbal non verbal responses
Truthful subjects will respond different from guilty ones
Do not accuse subject of lying during BAI |
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Term
| LO10-Identify factors which limit a person’s ability to give an accurate account of events |
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Definition
Post Traumatic Stress:
-Physical Trauma
-Psychological Trauma
Fear Of Retribution
Embarrassment/Humiliation
Lack of Trust for Authority Figures
Mental Disorders
Mentally Impaired
Senile
Cultural Differences
Lack of Maturity
Influence From Other Witnesses/Victims
Influence of Drugs and Alcohol (must evaluate)
Interviewers actions may offend the subject
May not trust/recognize the officer’s authority
Law enforcement is too much like the military
Officer may only get to speak to the head/man of the house. |
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Term
| LO12-Verbal indicators of truth or deception |
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Definition
Truth:
-Direct answers
-No Pauses
-Answers Are Consistent
-May be angry when accuses or think they are accused
-They will stay angry
Deception:
-Lots of Pauses
-Repeats the Questions
-Vague
-Deflection
-Mantle of religion
-Attacks on interviewer and system
-Will have mood swings
-Too Polite
-Talkative about unimportant topics
-Aggression
-Stalling
-Non-responsive answers
-Memory failure
-Statements to convince
-Use of Disqualifiers
-Minimization (take vs. stealing)
-Self-testimonials
-Attacks victim credibility
-Speed, rate, volume, pitch
-Increased volume = deception
-Breaks in rhythm = deception
-Slowing rate = reviewing/editing their words.
*Over 90% of human communication is done through nonverbal channels. |
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Term
| LO12-Identify VISUAL indicators of truth or deception (NON-VERBAL) |
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Definition
TRUTHFUL:
Sits upright
Appears relaxed
Leans forward
Faces interviewer
Head and shoulders upright
Changes positions smoothly
Has good eye contact
Answers questions directly
Will make casual conversation
No pauses
May get angry and stay angry
UNTRUTHFUL:
Worried appearance
Apprehensive
Poor eye contact
Overly polite
Aggressive to interviewer
Evasive
Yawns and sighs |
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Term
| LO12-Visual indicators (NON-VERBAL) |
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Definition
Overall appearance of the subject
The face, eyes, mouth
Hands to the face
Head movement
Falling asleep
Crossing/movement of body parts
Lower body |
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Term
| LO13-Identify environments best suited to interrogate a suspect |
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Definition
Your turf (private/safe)
Small room
Suspect’s back to the door
Proxemics (inch closer gradually)
Eliminate distractions, i.e. clocks, phones, pagers
No desk or table between participants
No swivel chairs or rocking chairs for subject
No stress relievers gum, cigarettes, etc
Props, video tapes, folders, cabinets with subject’s name |
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Term
| LO14-Identify proper procedures and techniques which may be used effectively conduct an interview or interrogations of a suspect.== |
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Definition
*Interview Process:
-Introduce yourself
-Ask for biographical information
-Start to build rapport
-Tell them why we are here
-Give Miranda
-Lock them into a story
-Move into interrogation when you KNOW they are guilty.
*Interrogation Process:
-Confrontation
-Types of Approaches (Two Pronged)
-Factual
-Emotional (“You just made a mistake..” “What would your father say about this?”
*Admission
*Confession |
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Term
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Definition
| Acknowledgement of involvement in an act. |
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Term
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Definition
| A statement providing details of involvement in an act. |
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