Term
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Definition
1. Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
2. Transport nutrients
3. Transport hormones
4. Defense against infection
5. Heat distribution (vasodilation)
6. Acid/base regulation
7. Osmotic balance
8. Disposal of toxic waste |
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Term
| Components of peripheral blood |
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Definition
1. Formed elements
2. Plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| RBCs (erythrocytes), WBCs (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). |
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Term
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Definition
| 92% water 7% protein: albumin is largest component, followed by globulins (create osmotic force). 1% other: electrolytes, wastes, gases, hormones, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
Contains platelets and leukocytes.
Leukocyte types: Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosiniphils, basophils |
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Term
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Definition
Volume occupied by RBCs.
Normal range for males: 40-50%
Females: 35-45% |
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Term
| Blood samples with blue top |
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Definition
| Have anticoagulant added, causes blood to separate into RBC layer at bottom, followed by buffy layer, and then plasma layer. |
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Term
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Definition
Time it takes for RBCs to settle at the bottom of the tube.
Normal range:
Males: Age/2
Females: Age+10/2
Used for prognosis in lymphomas and leukemias. |
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Term
| Blood samples with red top |
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Definition
| Blood without anticoagulant, used to establish clotting time. Sample should form clot and serum. |
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Term
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Definition
Fluid without clotting factors and formed elements.
Contains growth factors, proteins, antibodies, and factors secreted by platelets. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood collected on slide and lightly smeared with glass slide to produce thin layer of blood on slide. Stain for contrast. Can do complete blood count (CBC) with ratio of specific blood cells to others (differential). |
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Term
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Definition
7.5 microns
Deviations from this diameter can be pathological (micro/macrocytic anemia). |
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Term
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Definition
From anaerobic glycolysis.
ATP generated through hexose monophosphate shunt. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| RBC membrane characteristics |
|
Definition
40% lipid
50% protein
10% oligosaccharides attached to E side
of membrane
No microtubules, microfilaments, or intermediate filaments! |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Band 4 protein (P face protein)
2. Spectrin (spokes)
3. Actin (center of tire)
4. Ankyrin (serves as link between Band 3 protein and spectrin)
5. Band 3 protein (Transmembrane protein)
Band 4->spectrin->actin->spectrin->
ankyrin->band 3 protein |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 3 sites of RBC destruction |
|
Definition
| 1. Spleen 2. Liver 3. Bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
1. Digested oligosaccharides on membrane
2. Defective transmembrane ion channels
3. Changes in cytoskeleton |
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Term
|
Definition
Immature RBCs containing residual mRNA and ribosomes.
Visualized with brilliant cresyl blue that binds to mRNA.
Usually make up 1% of RBCs, and remnant material is gone 24 hours after release from bone marrow. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when patient has >1% reticulocytes in blood. Signals large RBC production from bone marrow in response to loss of RBCs (hemorrhage or spleen disorder). |
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Term
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Definition
1. Reticking
2. Polycythemia
3. Anemia
4. Macrocyte
5. Microcyte
6. Hereditary Spherocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
Increased hematocrit (70-80%)
Can be normal for people living in high altitudes.
Can be associated with disease process: mutation in JAK2 kinase makes RBC precursors hypersensitive to EPO.
Severe polycythemia= increased blood viscosity, susceptibility to stroke and thrombotic events. |
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Term
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Definition
Anemia: weakness due to low hemoglobin levels.
Caused by:
1. Blood loss
2. Decreased RBC production
3. Increased RBC disposal
4. Production of RBCs with low hemoglobin content |
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Term
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Definition
RBC pathology where RBC is larger than 9 microns.
Due to B12 deficiency, needed for cell division.
Alcoholics destroy lining of stomach, which makes intrinsic factor, can no longer absorb B12 efficiently. |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreased hemoglobin synthesis in RBC due to lack of Fe, divides at same rate=small cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood contains fragile RBCs that are spherical instead of biconcave. Defect in ankyrin. RBCs taken out of circulation due to defect in cytoskeleton, results in anemia. |
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