Term
| Abnormal relationship of femoral head to acetabulum is ___ |
|
Definition
| DDH development dysplasia of hip |
|
|
Term
| Displacement of hip joint caused by femoral head moving___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dysplasia of hip include level |
|
Definition
| mild instability; sublaxation; and dislocation |
|
|
Term
| _____lead to temporary laxity of hip capsule in perinatal period? |
|
Definition
| Maternal estrogens and hormones |
|
|
Term
| The hip exam generally not performed ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ultrasound useful in first___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ossification may prevent US and femoral head ossifies by__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This associated with hip laxity, possibly due to maternal hormones what is this ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Femoral head is shallow in location; and incomplete displacement of femoral head from acetabulum during certain stress maneurvers of leg is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Femoral head displaces from acetabulum during certain stress maneuvers of leg but returns to normal position once pressure is release this is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 most strongest Risk factor of DDH are: |
|
Definition
Female neonate with frank breech presentation
Family hx of a parent and sibling with DDH
|
|
|
Term
| Other risk factors of DDH are: |
|
Definition
Oligohydramnios
1st born child
Torticollis (head tilt to 1 side due to abnormal control of muscles)
Lt hip more frequently affected than right 20% bilateral |
|
|
Term
| Which side of hip is more frequently has DDH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patient is supine and knees flexed; affectted leg will have knee in lower position what is this sign? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If hip joint is dislocated a "click" is heard this is___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Early signs of dislocation of right hip are: |
|
Definition
Limitation of abduction
Asymmetry of skin folds prominence of trochanter
Shortening of femur |
|
|
Term
-Patient lies supine with hip flexed 90 degrees and adducted
-Downward pressure is applied
-If hip is dislocated, examiner will feel femoral head move out of acetabulum this is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-Pt lies supine with hip flexed 90 degrees and abducted
-Normally, should feel smooth
-If hip is dislocated examiner will feel a "clunk" as the femoral head returns to the acetabulum this is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ortolani maneuver when the examiner feel |
|
Definition
| A "clunk" as the femoral head returns to the acetabulum |
|
|
Term
| Barlow maneuver when the examiner feel |
|
Definition
| Femoral head move out of acetabulum |
|
|
Term
| Hip bones are fusion of 3 bones are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ilium, Ischium, and pubis bones form the ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hip bones unites with ___ |
|
Definition
| Sacral part of vertebral column |
|
|
Term
| 2 hip bones join anteriorly form the__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The articulation of the head of femur with the acetabulum of the hip bone is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not directly palpable and surrounded by muscles of upper thigh |
|
|
Term
| Cup shaped cavity at junction of ilium, ischium, and pubis (body of acetabulum) in which ball shaped head of femur fits, this is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| juncture of ilium, ischium and pubis |
|
|
Term
| Extends over femoral head is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Round shaped femoral head fits into cup shaped acetabulum this is__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extension (of knee joint) |
|
|
Term
| Moving sideways outwards and move extremity away from body is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Moving sideways inwards; move extremity towards body is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ALARA
Use highest freg linear transducer to penetrate (5-10MHz)
Position infant in supine or lateral position
Relaxed infant/feed if needed
Exam both hips for comparision
Scan from lateral or posterolateral aspect of hip |
|
|
Term
| Which scan plan for hip exam? |
|
Definition
| 2 orthogonal planes: coronal and transverse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at rest in neutral position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Flexed hip with and without stress (Use Barlow and Ortolni type maneuver)
|
|
|
Term
| ___is determined through motion and application of stress |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Always seated at rest with motion, and during application of stress is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal position at rest but abnormal movement with stress; this must remain within confines of acetabulum this is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Displaced laterally at rest and is loose, but it is not dislocatable, it able to be pushed out of the joint this is__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| May be returned to acetabulum with traction and abduction this is __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Corrective harness that support hips in flexion and abduction without force and treat for 3 month and monitoring with US This is treatment of __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The largest part of a vertebra and this is more or less cylindrical in shape what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A circle of bone around the canal through which the spinal cord passes and this is composed of a floor at the back of the vertebra, walls (the pedicles), and a roof where two laminae join; posterior portion of vertebra this is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An opening between vertebrae through which nerves leave the spine and extend to other parts of the body this is___? |
|
Definition
| Intervertebral foramen/ neural foramen |
|
|
Term
| There are 2 short thick processes, which project dorsally one on either side from the superior part of the vertebral body at the junction of its posterior and lateral surfaces. They connect the body of spinal vertebral to the arch what are they? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A plate or layer. There are 2 broad plates, extending dorsally and medially from the pedicles fusing to complete the roof of the vertebral arch what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is directed backward and downward from the junction of the laminae, and serves for the attachment of muscles and ligaments what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There are 2 and project one at either side from the point where the lamina joins the pedicle, they serve for the attachment of muscles and ligaments what are they? |
|
Definition
| Transverse processes or costal processes of the vertebra |
|
|
Term
| These 3 layers function to protect nourish and cushion the brain and spinal cord this is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The meninges are connected to each other and the spinal cord by pair of ___which help stabilize the spinal cord and preventing side to side movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most external membrane, strong dense fibrous sheet closing spinal cord and cauda equina. This is not attach to bony walls of vertebral column. Superiorly protecting the brain and inferiorly ends on the filum terminale this is_ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Superiorly continuous with ___protecting the brain and inferiorly ends on the ___ |
|
Definition
| Dura mater-Filum terminale |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This membrane is not attached to bony walls of vetebral column |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is midle layer between the dura and pia, |
|
|
Term
| It is interposed between other meninges to cover brain and spinal cord what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Arachnoid mater separated from dura mater by___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Arachnoid mater separated from pia mater by the __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This layer membrane is closest to spinal cord, delicate innermost layer of the meninges this is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pia mater superiorly continuous with ____and inferiorly fuses with___ |
|
Definition
| Pia mater of brain-Filum terminale |
|
|
Term
| The area between bony vertebrae and dural sheath that filled with fat (padding) and network of veins this is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The subarachnoid space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater filled with__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The point where spinal cord terminates taperinginto cone shaped structure this is__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Conus medullaris is the ___ |
|
Definition
| Terminal end of the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| The collection of nerve roots at inferior end of vertebral canal this is __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A threadlike structure which extends from the lower end of the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| Fibrous extensions of pia mater extending inferiorly from conus medullaris to posterior surface of coccyx anchors spinal cord in place this is__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sono appearance of normal conus position are___ |
|
Definition
Tip off the conus medullaris located at mid L3 vertebral body level or higher at birth
This position by beginning of the third trimester |
|
|
Term
| Clinical signs of tethered cord are |
|
Definition
Fatty mass in mid lower back
Increase areas of pigmentation
Dimples on back
large collection of hari on back |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fixation of spinal cord in abnormal caudal location, usually fixed eccentrically in spinal canal and decreased cord oscillations, suffer mechanical stretching,distortion and ischemia with daily activities growth and development |
|
|
Term
| As child grows, spinal cord not able grow due to abnormal structures holding on the cord, child could lose function of legs, bowel, bladder or have pain this is pathology of __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The dorsally concave curvature of the lumbar spinal column when seen from the side this is__ |
|
Definition
| Lumbar lordosis or lumbar curvature |
|
|
Term
| Best position for infants scanning position is ___ if possible the lumbar lordosis to aid determination of vertebral body level and defining the lumbosacral junctions by elevating___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The spinal cord is relatively___ whereas the interfaces crreated by fanning nerve rootlets are___
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The normal ___ should be clearly visible and mobile of csf pulsations, the center of the filum tends to be relatively ___ compared to its outer margins |
|
Definition
| Filum terminale-hypoechoic |
|
|
Term
| These should be considered a variant of normal development when there is no other suggestion of pathology what are they? |
|
Definition
| A terminal ventricle or filar cyst |
|
|
Term
| Which can help localize the epidural venous plexus, anterior spinal arteries, posterior spinal arteries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is a normal variant should be considered unless other signs of abnormal mass |
|
Definition
More prominent epidural fat
Terminal ventricle or filar cyst |
|
|
Term
| How to distinguish an abnormal mass within the vertebral canal from normal nerve rootlets or epidural fat? |
|
Definition
| Malposition, compression, distention of these vessels |
|
|
Term
| The method to determination of the position of the tip of the conus medularis include |
|
Definition
Finding 12th rib and counting down from here
Defining the lumbosacral junction by accentuating the lumbar lordosis using as reference
Counting upward from the last ossified vertebral body |
|
|
Term
| Which vertebral body can be difficult ? |
|
Definition
| Ossification of the coccygeal vertebral bodies due to a great variability |
|
|
Term
The sacral ossification centers take on a more____contour and ossified coccygeal vertebral bodies have ____
|
|
Definition
| Square -Rounded central nucleus |
|
|
Term
| US finding of tethered cord are: |
|
Definition
Abnormal caudally located conus;
Lack of nerve root pulsation |
|
|
Term
Dys is "___" and raphe are "___" or "___"
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Any abnormality due to an error in embryologic processes of primary neurulation-Disjuntion-Canalization-Retrogressive differentiation of the caudal cell mass this is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dysraphism due to error in embryologic processes of _ |
|
Definition
Primary neurulation
Disjunction
Canalization
Retrogressive differentiation of the caudal cell mass
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Overt spinal dysraphism and occult spinal dysraphism |
|
|
Term
| The most case probably result of failure of neural tube to close or occur due to rupture of neural tube after it closes This is__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In spina bifida, most ___ occur as isolated malformation in chromosomally normal individual |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spina bifida may occur as ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For spinal bifida which increase risk of neural tube defects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is marker for neural tube defects during pregnancy and doesnot screen for occulta of spina bifida? |
|
Definition
| serum AFP (alpha fetoprotein) |
|
|
Term
| Spinal bifida most common among ____region? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spina bifida refers as ___fail to converge toward midline and splaying of the ____ over several vertebral levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Overt spinal dysraphism, Spina bifida refers to ____of the posterior bony elements of the spine (it is open spine) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is refers to the posterior protrusion of all or posterior body defect what is this? |
|
Definition
| Spina bifida aperta of overt spinal dysraphism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infants have flat neural palcode that is exposed to the environment this is __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is refers to the protrusion that passes beyond the expected demarcations of the skin of the back what is this? |
|
Definition
| Spina bifida cystica of overt spinal dysraphism |
|
|
Term
| Spina bifida cystica of overt spinal dysraphism is |
|
Definition
| Cystlike mass can be seen expecially at Lumbosacral level |
|
|
Term
| This is more common and placode is further displaced posteriorly by expansion of the subarachnoid space what is this? |
|
Definition
| Myelomeningocele of overt spinal dysraphism |
|
|
Term
| Overt spinal dysraphism of spina bifida include these spina bifida___ |
|
Definition
-Incomplete closure of posterior bony elements of spine
-Fail to fuse dorsal ML/ fail to enclose the vert. canal
-Aperta: Posterior protrusion of all or part of the contents of vertebral canal through this posterior body defect
-Cystica: Cystlike mass can be seen at lumbosacral level
-Myelocele
-Myelomeningocele
|
|
|
Term
| Myelomeningocele is more common than___ and associated with ___ |
|
Definition
Myelocele
Chiari II malformation |
|
|
Term
| Chiari II malformation highly asso with___ |
|
Definition
| Spina bifida of overt spinal dysraphism (myelomeningocele) 97% |
|
|
Term
Small posterior fossa
Displacement of cerebellum vermis 4th ventricle and medulla oblongata through the foramen magnum
Non visualization of cisterna magna
Banana sign
lemon sign
Dilation of lateral ventricle
All of these are associated with__ |
|
Definition
| Chiari II malformation which asso with overt spinal dysraphism spina bifida |
|
|
Term
| Signs that is a deformation or compression of cerebellum shape called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sign that concave frontal bones, bitemporal narrowing of fetal skull is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common mildest form of Dysraphism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An area of thickening in the embryonic epithelial layer from which some organ or structure later develops is ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The classically uncovered lesions of overt spinal dysraphsim include: |
|
Definition
| Myelocele and Myelomeningocele |
|
|
Term
| Newborn with myelocele and myelomeningocele generally are repaired on the ______without preoperative imaging |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____can provide great anatomic detail on with overt spinal dysraphism (myelocele or myelomeningocele) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sono finding of overt spinal dysraphism are |
|
Definition
| Posterior fossa distortion in brain and anterior fontanelle and cranial cervical junction through the foramen magnum |
|
|
Term
| Relating to invoving or joining the two bones or the areas that they occupy called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vertebral arches of single vertebral fail to fuse underlying neural tube differentiates normally and does not protrude from the vertebral canal this is___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The clinical signs of occult spinal dysraphism are |
|
Definition
– Obvious skin-covered mass – A hairy tuft, – Appendage, – Discolored skin,
– Distorted spinal curvature, – Asymmetrical intergluteal cleft, – Deep dimple |
|
|
Term
An out-pouching of the coverings of the spinal cord (spinal meninges) that results in a defect in the bone (vertebral column or foramina) and soft-tissue coverings of the back part of the spine.
this is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Meningocele is the sac that__ |
|
Definition
| Filled with cerebrospinal fluid can lead to a bulging mass on the back. |
|
|
Term
| Meningocele are composed of___ |
|
Definition
| A dorsal herniation of dura, arachnoid, and CSF into the subcutaneous tissue of the back and are skin cover |
|
|
Term
| Simple dorsal meningocele doesn't contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Complex dorsal meningocele is associated __- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pia mater and arachnoid considered as one unit enveloping the brain and spinal cord is term as: |
|
Definition
| Leptomeninges/Pia-arachnoid |
|
|
Term
| The outermost of the three primitive germ layers of the embryo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A platelike structure, especially a thickened plate of ectoderm in the early embryo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A slender, threadlike prolongation of the spinal cord from the conus medullaris to the back of the coccyx |
|
|
Term
| The conus medullaris is __ |
|
Definition
| The cone-shaped lower end of the spinal cord, at the level of the upper lumbar vertebrae |
|
|
Term
| Fatty masses that have a connection to the leptomeninges or spinal cord is ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Origin of spinal lipoma is ___ |
|
Definition
| Likely develop as a result of premature disjunction of neuroectoderm from cutaneous ectoderm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intradural lipomas
lipomyelocele
lipomyelomeningocele
fibrolipomas of the filium terminale |
|
|
Term
| Located in a subpial position in a dorsal cleft of the open spinal cord this is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Instead of an exposed neural placode, there is an overlying covering of attached lipoma and intact skin this analogous to the myelocele what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Involves expansion of the subarachnoid space ventral to the neural placode this is__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The fatty tissue expands the filum terminale beyond its usual diameter of 2mm this may present a variant of normal develoment this is___ |
|
Definition
| Fibrolipoma of the filum terminale |
|
|
Term
| Sono finding of fibrolipoma of the filum terminaled are: |
|
Definition
| thickened, echogenic filum terminale; sometimes with an undulating contour |
|
|
Term
| Refers to a fibrolipoma of the filum terminale in the setting of an abnormally low positiion of the conus medullaris and this term should apply to the presence of a fibrolipoma of the filum terminale regarless of conus level this is term:___ |
|
Definition
| Tight filum terminale or Tethered cord syndrome |
|
|
Term
| The origin of tight filum terminale or tethered cord syndrome refers ___ |
|
Definition
| Likely results from deficient retrogressive differentiation of caudal cell mass |
|
|
Term
| Occult spinal dysraphism of spinal lipoma describe as___ |
|
Definition
| fatty masses associated with tethered cord |
|
|
Term
| Spinal lipoma can be continuous with ______and present clinically as _______ |
|
Definition
subcuataneous tissues
Fatty lump on lower back |
|
|
Term
| Ultrasound findind of spinal lipoma is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dilated cnetral canal of the spinal cord protrudes dorsally through a bony spina bifida is term:__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Myelocystoceles can occur at the ____, ___, or _____ levels |
|
Definition
| Cervical, thoracic, lumbosacral |
|
|
Term
| Which is opposed to myelocystocele? |
|
Definition
| Myelomeningoceles (not covered by skin) |
|
|
Term
| Sono finding of myelocystocele are:__ |
|
Definition
low lying cord terminus ends in a cyst that in communication with the central canal of spinal cord
Expanded subarachanoid space tends to surround the distal cord and terminal cysts |
|
|
Term
| At the lumbosacral level they refers as ___ but is RARE and can mimic to ______or ______ |
|
Definition
Terminal myelocystocele
myelomeningocele
sacrococcygeal teratomas |
|
|
Term
| Which is not usually associated with chiari II syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A regional thickening of cells through which gastrulating cells migrate anteriorly to form tissues in the future head and neck is ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process in which the blastocyst differentiates into a trilaminar disk of ectoderm mesoderm and endoderm is ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Central canal, single ventral horn, single dorsal horn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| likely caused by sagittal splitting of embryonic notochord due to an obstacle to cell migration from henson's node |
|
|
Term
| Cord is split at one or more sites by osseous, cartilaginous or fibrous septum this is ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diastematomyelia associated with___ |
|
Definition
Spina bifida cystica
Scoliosis
Lipomas
Dermal sinuses
Dermoids |
|
|
Term
| Sono finding of diastematomyelia are |
|
Definition
Disorganized appearance of the vertebral column
Fusiform segment of vertebral canal widening
Visible dividing septum in the center of the widened segment |
|
|
Term
| Lateral curvature of the spine is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Exaggerated curvature of the spine in sagittal plane is called as:__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which associated with spina bifida and abdominal wall defects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Split notochord syndrome describe as:___ |
|
Definition
Extremely RARE_less than 40 cases in medical literature |
|
|
Term
| This included in the occult spinal dysraphism group not discovered with AFP screening what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Split notochord syndrome in complex group of anomalies are result of : |
|
Definition
Incomplete closure of the neural tube during gastrulation
Clef or split of notochord to become spinal cord
Usually present in thoracic or lumbar regions
Involvement of other tissue usually GI |
|
|
Term
| Split notochord syndrome in malformations group include: |
|
Definition
Dorsal enteric fistula
Cysts, sinus and diverticulum
|
|
|
Term
| Dorsal enteric fistula is: |
|
Definition
| An abnormal connection between the intestinal cavity that travels through the spinal cavity and exits the back |
|
|
Term
| Cysts, sinus (cavity) and diverticulum (outpouching) is: |
|
Definition
| Occurs along or within the vertebral canal where fistula becomes indistinct |
|
|
Term
| Split notochord syndrome associated with___ |
|
Definition
| Urogenital and anorectal anomalies |
|
|
Term
| Split notochord syndrome assoiated with: |
|
Definition
ectopic or low imperforate anus
high imperforate anus 30%
Cloacal malformatiion 50%
Cloacal exstrophy 100% most common |
|
|
Term
| The common passageway for feces, urine, and reproduction is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is rare congenital defect, characterized by the absence of the sacrum and defects of variable portions of lumbar spine, associated with anomalies from the different systems this is___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Abnormality of lower spine and limbs;
|
|
|
Term
| Caudal regression associated with:__ |
|
Definition
Maternal diabetes mellitus (DM)
Imperforate anus
Bladder agenesis
Renal agenesis
Cord tethering |
|
|
Term
| This is rare disorder in which the legs are fused and the feet are deformed or absent this is__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Arterial blood flow bypasses the lower fetal body
and reduced or absent renal function |
|
|
Term
| Rarely positioned in and around the vertebral this is __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This most likely dx in the neonatal period, calcify, extend into vertebral canal from retroperitoneum What is this? |
|
Definition
| Intraspinal neuroblastoma |
|
|
Term
| Clinical symptoms of intraspinal neuroblastoma are: |
|
Definition
Palpable abdominal mass
Signs of spinal cord compression
|
|
|
Term
| Differentiate dx of intraspinal neurblastoma are: |
|
Definition
hemangioma
Rhabdoid tumor
Primary intramedullary neoplasms (gliofibroma)
|
|
|
Term
| Sacrococcygeal teratomas that both large external and internal components this is ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This most often present as a sacral mass tend to reur and heterogeneous What is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 types of sacrococcygeal teratomas are: |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| for helping in pre-surgical planning, the Altman's classification of the sacrococcygeal teratomas into____types? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sacrococcygeal teratomas that Bulk of mass is external is __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Sacrococcygeal teratomas that a relatively small amount of the tumor is external this is type: |
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Definition
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Term
| Sacrococcygeal teratomas that no external mass, exclusively presacral this is type___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Sono finding of sacrococcygeal teratomas are |
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Definition
Heterogeneous
Solid and cystic components
Rarey enters vertebral canal |
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Term
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Definition
| Teratoma, meningocele, enteric cyst |
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Term
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Definition
| Assymetrical pattern (partial crescent shape) |
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Term
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Definition
DX in childhood
Screening may be done in infancy
Anorectal stenosis |
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Term
| Sacrococcygeal teratomas with extreme hyperemia include: |
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Definition
Increase in the quantity of blood flow to body part
Fetal demise with high cardiac output failure
Newborn death with exsanguination (extensive blood loss) at delivery |
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Term
| Different dx of sacrococcygeal teratomas are |
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Definition
Myelomeningocele
Feeding vessels and relative hyperemia with Doppler indicates of Sacrococcygeal teratoma |
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