Post Romanticism

 Germany & Austria

Richard Strauss and Gustav Mahler

     Romantic trditionalists influenced by Richard Wagner

     Tonal music, but became increasingly more chromatic

     Large forms (symponies & concertos)

France

Claude Monet  Impression: Sunrise

     A movement initially developed by painters

Claude Debussy

     exotic scales of nonwestern origin: Chromatic, Whole tone, and Pentatonic

     Ninth chords(5 notes built in 3rds) waivering between major and minor modes

     Subtle Orchestral colors

     Short programmatic forms (preludes &

nocturns)

Symbolism

Stephane Marlarme & Paul Verlaine

influenced by Edgar Allen Poe

Expressionism

GERMANY

*reaction to impressionism

 Second Viennese School

Arnold Schoenburg, Alban Berg, and Anton Webern

 atonal expressionism and serial music

Schoenburg used Sprechstimme (sung and spoken) and Klangfarbenmelodie

Webern - Klangfarbenmelodie (tone color melody) and total serialized music

Berg - Tonal tradition and Wagner's leitmotif techniques