Term
| Please, tell me what a parasite does! |
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Definition
| It acquires some or all of its nutritional requirements through contact with another living organism |
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Term
| What are endoparasites? give me un ejemplo señorita |
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Definition
Parasites that live within a living organism, such as malaria
(in contrast to ectoparasites that live on the surface of another living parasite) (ex: lice, ticks) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where must protozoae live? |
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Definition
| In a fluid environment such as blood or GI tract |
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Term
| How do protozoae reproduce? |
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Definition
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Term
| Give some cool (or not so cool, depends on how you look at it) points about Giardia lamblia |
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Definition
- it's a flagellate
- Has trophozoite and cyst forms
- It can be asymptomatic or may cause acute or chronic diarrhea
- it is common in the maritimes |
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Term
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Definition
| oral-cecal spread (can also be through food) |
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Term
| Characteristics of Cryptosporidium parvum |
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Definition
- manifests as watery diarrhea (particularly in chronically immunosuppressed patients)
- get it from cecal-oral, water borne, animals
- there is worldwide distribution of it |
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Term
| How do they diagnose Giardia and Cryptosporidium? |
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Definition
Enzyme immunoassay
--> if differential diagnosis is broader, use microscopy |
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Term
What does Trichomonas vaginalis cause?
How is it spread
How o you diagnose it? |
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Definition
- vaginitis
- sex
- microscopic discharge examination |
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Term
| Entamoeba histolytica is an ____ propelled by cytoplasm |
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Definition
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Term
| Tell me more about histolytica |
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Definition
- it has a trophozoite stage and cyst stage
- could be asymptomatic, involve dysentery diarrhea or liver abscesses
- It is spread via the fecal-oral route |
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Term
| Differentiate the trophozoite and cyst stages |
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Definition
trophozoites are active and dividing
cysts are inactive but they can survive better in the external environment |
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Term
| Toxoplasmosis --> give some deets |
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Definition
- Mostly asymptomatic (may be mono-like symptoms)
- Can cause fetal malformations in pregnancy
- May cause abscesses in brain if immunosuppressed |
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Term
| How is toxoplasmosis transmitted? |
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Definition
- poorly cooked meat
- cat stool
- sometimes water (but rare) |
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Term
| What kind of hosts are humans for toxoplasmosis? |
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Definition
| intermediate (dead end hosts) --> can't complete its life cycle in us |
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Term
| Cats are definitive hosts for toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis gets into the muscles of cats as ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Chagas disease is also called... |
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Definition
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Term
| What bug causes chagas disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two fatal conditions associated with Chagas disease? |
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Definition
- esophageal dilation
- cardiac failure |
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Term
| What forms of Leishmaniasis can occur? |
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Definition
- cutaneous
- mucocutaneous (deformities of mouth and nose)
- visceral (large belly, as liver get infiltrated) |
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Term
| How is Leishmaniasis transmitted? |
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Definition
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Term
| What species cause Malaria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some clinical presentations of Malaria? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is malaria transmitted |
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Definition
Ahhh mis-quit (lil buggers)
ahh mis-quitt toes
* to the tune of get low
(malaria is a serious matter actually, it can be fatal) |
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Term
| How do we detect malaria? |
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Definition
| parasites on stained blood film |
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Term
| What are Helminths? and what are 3 types? |
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Definition
Helminths are WORMS
- Cestodes (tape worms
- Trematodes (flukes)
- Nematodes (roundworms) |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of cestodes? |
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Definition
- they are ribbon-like and segmented
- Adults attach by a scolex and absorb nutrients from their definitive host |
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Term
| How do humans get cestodes? |
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Definition
- An animal eats the eggs
- The shell gets digested
- Larvae get deposited into the tissue and then develop into the encapsulated form --> this is its intermediate host
- then, the intermediate host is eaten by the definitive host and the larvae mature into adult form |
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Term
| What does it mean to be a definitive host? |
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Definition
| the parasite can complete its life cycle in these hosts |
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Term
| Taenia saginata is __, whereas Taenia solium is ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| How do humans get Taenia? |
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Definition
- Cows or pigs et eggs or proglottids from our faces
- The eggs develop into the cystic form in the tissues (hey are an intermediate host)
- Humans eat inadequately cooked beef or pork and the cycle is complete |
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Term
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Definition
| A tissue infection causes by the pork tapeworm cysts |
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Term
| How do Trematodes (flukes) attach? |
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Definition
| they have leaf shaped suckers |
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Term
| Give important examples of trematodes |
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Definition
liver flukes (clonorchis)
blood flukes (schistosome) |
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Term
| What kind of trematode causes swimmers' itch? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is one of the intermediate hosts for Schistosoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are nematodes commonly known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is there to know about nematodes? |
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Definition
- they have separate sexes
- inhabit the GI tract |
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Term
| Examples of nematodes include... |
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Definition
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworms)
Ascaris lumbricoides
hookworms |
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Term
| Are we definitive hosts or dead end hosts for hookworms? |
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Definition
It depends!
- Can be definitive, and the worms attach to the bowel and suck our blood....produces GI discomfort and/or anemia
- OR dead end if they penetrate the skin |
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Term
| What types of ectoparasites are there? |
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Definition
| those that colonize the body vs those that bit only |
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Term
| Give examples of insects (6 legs) and arachnids (8 legs) ectoparasites |
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Definition
insects --> lice
arachnids --> ticks, scabies, mites |
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