Term
|
Definition
*blocks the effects of serotonin receptor sites peripherally, centrally and its release in the small intestine.
*reduces the activity of the vagus nerve from activating the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*moderate to severe nausea or vomiting
*potential for airway compromise secondary to suspected/actual head injury when cervical immobilization is used
*patient has a history of nausea/vomiting post narcotic administration, and MS is indicated |
|
|
Term
| zofran contraindications (2) |
|
Definition
*patients <4 yrs old
*allergies to ondansetron |
|
|
Term
| zofran may cause _____ if delivered too _______, give doses over how long |
|
Definition
| may cause syncope if delivered too rapidly. give doses over 30 seconds |
|
|
Term
| potassium chloride actions |
|
Definition
| regulates nerve conduction and muscle contraction |
|
|
Term
| potassium chloride indications |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| potassium chloride contraindications |
|
Definition
| none significant during ift |
|
|
Term
| potassium chloride special considerations allowed to monitor how many mEq/ml. what happens if infiltrated? dont forget.... |
|
Definition
| 20 mEq/ml,causes tissue necrosis, your monitor checking for dysrhythmias. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adsorbs drugs and chemicals in the gastrointestinal tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oral poisoning/overdose of drugs or chemicals, with time of ingestion at or under one hour |
|
|
Term
| charcoal contraindications |
|
Definition
*ingestion of caustics, corrosives, or petroleum distallates
*ingestion of cyanide and/or heavy metals
*altered or decreased loc
*no inteact gag reflex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*depresses automaticity in the sa node
*suppresses AV conduction
*interrupts re-entry pathways through the AV node |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| patient in moderate distress due to svt refractory to valsalva maneuver |
|
|
Term
| adenosine contraindications |
|
Definition
*history of sick sinus syndrome (unless patient has functioning electronic pacemaker)
*2nd or 3rd degree heart block |
|
|
Term
adenosine special notes:
run a _____before during and after administration. if your patient is taking ____ or _____contact base first |
|
Definition
| continuous ecg strip. taking persantine or tegretol. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
*decreases airway resistance
*promotes reuptake of potassium into cells |
|
|
Term
| albuterol indications (3) |
|
Definition
*respiratory distress with wheezes/bronchospasm
*anaphylaxis with wheezes
*crush syndrome with suspected hyperkalemia |
|
|
Term
| albuterol contraindications |
|
Definition
| known hypersensitivity to albuterol |
|
|
Term
| albuterol special considerations. what inhibits the effects of albuterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*suppresses ventricular ectopy by prolonging the action potential and refractory periods.
*slows the sinus rate and increases the pr and qt intervals. |
|
|
Term
| amiodarone indications (4) |
|
Definition
*cardiac arrest with vfib or pulseless ventricular tachycardias
*post conversion after defibrillation of ventricular rhythms
*vtach with pulse present (stable)
*symptomatic/malignant ventricular ectopy |
|
|
Term
| amiodarone contraindications (7) |
|
Definition
*cardiogenic shock
*2nd degree heart block
*3rd degree heart block
*severe sinus node dysfunctions
*ventricular ectopy associated with bradycardia
*hypersensitivity to amiodarone or iodine
*pregnancy or breast feeding mothers |
|
|
Term
| amiodarone is to be administered no faster than? |
|
Definition
| 150mg in 10 minutes except in patients in cardiac arrest. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
*irreversibly inactivates the enzyme cyclooxygenase in circulating platelets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adult patients experiencing chest pain consistent with acute coronary syndrome |
|
|
Term
| aspirin contraindications |
|
Definition
absolute- anaphylaxis to aspiring or other salicylates.
relative-history of gi bleeding, history of asthma, bleeding disorders |
|
|
Term
| reminder...aspirin will increase the risk of bleeding especially when combined with anticoagulants and thrombolytic therapy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| atropine sulfate, the anticholinergic agent! actions(4) |
|
Definition
*inhibits parasympathetic stimulation by blocking acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors
*decreases vagal tone resulting in increased heart rate and av conduction
*dilates bronchioles and decreases respiratory tract secretions
*decreases gastrointestinal motility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*symptomatic bradycardia
*organophosphate poisoning
*nerve agent poisoning |
|
|
Term
| atropine contraindications |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| atropine notes. use caution with patients having an suspected_____, use the _____route when in the hot/warm zone, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if you give atropine to a patient with 2nd or 3rd degree heart block and the take-over rhythm is of a wide complex nature, atropine may cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| calcium chloride actions (2) |
|
Definition
*acts as an activator in transmission of nerve impulses and contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscles
*maintains cell membrane and capillary permeability |
|
|
Term
| calcium chloride indications (3) |
|
Definition
*cardiac arrest or symptomatic bradycardia associated with hyperkalemia (suspect in renal failure)
*calcium channel blocker overdose
*crush injuries with dysrhythmia |
|
|
Term
| calcium chloride contraindications (2) |
|
Definition
*hypercalcemia
*patient with digitalis toxicity |
|
|
Term
| calcium chloride special notes |
|
Definition
| monitor ekg closely especially if taking digitalis. |
|
|
Term
| d50/d25 actions and indications |
|
Definition
actions-increases blood sugar
indication- hypoglycemia |
|
|
Term
| d50/d25 contraindications (2) |
|
Definition
*suspected increased ICP with unknown blood glucose level
*suspected cva with unknown blood glucose level |
|
|
Term
| d50/d25 notes. when giving d50 or d25 you should aspirate every? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*promotes muscle relaxation through inhibition of spinal motor reflex pathways
*suppresses seizure activity through suppression of the motor cortex of the brain
*produces amnesic effect
*skeletal muscle relaxant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| active/continuous seizures lasting longer than 5 minutes |
|
|
Term
| diazepam contraindications |
|
Definition
| no absolute contraindications exist when diazepam is deployed for nerve agent exposure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypotension, signs of shock, or respiratory depression. |
|
|
Term
| Diphenhydramine aka benadryl, actions (2) |
|
Definition
*reverses histamine induced bronchospasm, vasodilation, and increased capillary membrane permeability
*relaxes smooth muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anaphylaxis, acute allergic reaction, extrapyramidal/dystonic reactions |
|
|
Term
| benadryl contraindications....aka when should you not be giving benadryl |
|
Definition
| glaucoma, pregnancy, acute asthma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*increases cardiac output due to increased inotropy, chronotropy,dromotropy, and AV conduction.
*relaxes smooth muscles of the respiratory tract (beta 2)
*increases sbp due to increased cardiac output (beta 1) and vasoconstriction (alpha)
*increases coronary perfusion during cpr by increasing aortic diastolic pressure |
|
|
Term
| epinephrine indications (5) |
|
Definition
| cardiopulmonary arrest, anaphylaxis, respiratory distress with wheezing, pediatric symptomatic bradycardia, suspected croup |
|
|
Term
| epinephrine contraindications |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| remember that tachycardia is not a contraindication to epi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
increases urinary output by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium in the renal tubules and the loop of henle.
causes vasodilation and venous pooling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lasix contraindications (3) |
|
Definition
| pregnancy, rales due to pneumonia, patient is not currently taking oral lasix or bumex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stimulates breakdown of glycogen in the liver to increase blood sugar
increases inotropy and chronotropy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*known or suspected hypoglycemia when unable to administer d50/d25 or oral glucose
*cardiac arrest with beta blocker or calcium channel blocker overdose
*seizure with blood sugar less than 60 |
|
|
Term
| glucagon contraindications |
|
Definition
| none in the field setting |
|
|
Term
| caution is advised when using glucagon on patients with cardiovascular disease due to... |
|
Definition
| inotropic and chronotropic effects. |
|
|
Term
| magnesium sulfate actions (3) |
|
Definition
*essential for the activity of many enzymes
*plays an important role in neurotransmission and muscular excitability
*acts as a physiological calcium channel blocker and blocks neuromuscular transmission of calcium |
|
|
Term
| mag sulfate indications (3) |
|
Definition
*seizures in 3rd trimester pregnant patient without prior seizure disorder
*ventricular fibrillation refractory to amiodarone
*torsades de pointes |
|
|
Term
| mag sulfate contraindications (4) |
|
Definition
*hypotension
*renal failure
*complete heart block
*hypermagnesmia |
|
|
Term
| slow or stop mag sulfate if what occurs? |
|
Definition
| if bradycardia, heart block or decreased respiratory effort. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*seizure in adults and children
*sedation prior to cardioversion of svt and vt
*need for chemical restraint due to severe agitation
*seizures secondary to nerve agent poisoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| central nervous system depressant |
|
|
Term
| midazolam contraindications (3) |
|
Definition
*shock/hypotension
*alcohol or other cns depressant use
*known allergy or hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines |
|
|
Term
| morphine sulfate actions (4) |
|
Definition
*acts directly on the cns at the opiate receptor sites to relieve pain and anxiety
*decreases myocardial oxygen demand
*causes venous pooling due to peripheral vasodilation secondary to mild histamine release
*reduces preload and afterload through relaxation of the sympathetic nervous system |
|
|
Term
| morphine sulfate indications |
|
Definition
*chest pain associated with acute coronary syndrome
*burns
*situations in which pain control is a significant factor |
|
|
Term
| morphine sulfate contraindications |
|
Definition
hypotension/shock
significant traumatic injury to the head, chest, or abdomen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*displaces narcotics from opiate receptor sites
*reverses respiratory depression, sedation, and pupillary effects of narcotics |
|
|
Term
| naloxone contraindications |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| respiratory depression/apnea associated with suspected narcotic overdose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*dilates coronary vessels enhancing coronary perfusion
*reduces coronary vasospasm
*decreases myocardial workload and oxygen demand
*relaxes vascular smooth muscle, resulting in peripheral vasodilation
*produces venous pooling due to vasodilation
*reduces preload and afterload |
|
|
Term
| 2 nitroglycerin indications |
|
Definition
*chest pain associated with acute coronary syndrome
*pulomnary edema associated with congestive heart failure |
|
|
Term
| nitroglycerin contraindication (4) |
|
Definition
*head trauma or suspected increased intracranial pressure
*hypotension
*hypovolemia
hx of recent erectile dysfunction medication usage |
|
|
Term
| nitroglycerin use in a patient with rales from anything other than pulmonary edema is.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provides an oral source of glucose utilized for cellular metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the patient has a hx of diabetes controlled by medication and shows signs or symptoms of altered mental status |
|
|
Term
| oral glucose contraindication |
|
Definition
| inability to swallow and protect their airway (patient must have an intact gag reflex) |
|
|
Term
| glucose is hyperosmolar and may cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*oxidizes glucose to provide cellular energy
*essential for normal aerobic metabolism |
|
|
Term
| pralidoxime chloride actions (3) |
|
Definition
*reactivates cholinesterase which has been inactivated by phosphorylation due to an organophosphorus nerve agent or insecticide
*destroys excess acetylcholine so that the neruomuscular junctions can function normally
*works with atropine to relieve paralysis of the muscles of respiration and plays a minor role in relieving muscarinic signs such as salivation or bronchospasm |
|
|
Term
| pralidoxime chloride indications |
|
Definition
| as an adjunct to atropine in the tx of poisonings by organophosphorus nerve agents and insecticides |
|
|
Term
| pralidoxime chloride contraindications |
|
Definition
| none in the above life threatening situations |
|
|
Term
| sodium bicarbonate, that alkalinizing agent actions (2) |
|
Definition
combines with hydrogen ions to form *carbonic acid which breaks down into water and co2
*increases blood ph |
|
|
Term
| sodium bicarbonate indications (2) |
|
Definition
*prolonged resuscitation not responding to hyperventilation
*tricyclic antidepressant overdose |
|
|
Term
| sodium bicarbonate contraindications |
|
Definition
| metabolic and/or respiratory alkalosis |
|
|
Term
| when sodium bicarb is mixed with heparin or calcium chloride it.... |
|
Definition
| precipitates, use separate IVs or flush before administering the 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
provides a medium for ivpb medication administration
provides a small amount of dextrose for cellular metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dilution solution for ivpb medications |
|
|
Term
| give lasix how much over how long? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits normal blood clotting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*prevention of clot formation/growth in dvt,mi,pulmonary emboli
*atrial fibrillation with emboli formation
*transfusion,diaslysis and surgical procedures |
|
|
Term
| heparin contraindications(6) |
|
Definition
*bleeding disorders
*peptic ulcer disease
*severe hepatic or renal disease
*hypertension
*sensitivity to heparin
*sub-acute bacterial endocarditis |
|
|
Term
| policy that allows a paramedic to monitor heparin infusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antidysrhythmic agent, local anesthetic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*suppresses ventricular ectopy by stabilizing the myocardial cell membrane
*produces local anesthesia by preventing initiation and conduction of normal nerve impulses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*cardiac arrest with vfib or pulseless vtach
*post -conversion after defibrillation of ventricular rhythms
*symptomatic/malignant ventricular ectopy
*local anesthetic for pain management associated with intraosseous fluid or medication administration |
|
|
Term
| lidocaine contraindications (5) |
|
Definition
*2nd degree av heart block
*3rd degree av heart blcok
*junctional bradycardia
*ventricular ectopy associated with bradycardia
*idioventricular rhythm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| replacement of fluid and electrolytes lost from the intravacular and intracellular spaces |
|
|
Term
| sodium chloride indication (3) |
|
Definition
*initial fluid replacement for hypovolemia
*intravenous access line for drug administration
*infusion into saline locks to ensure patency |
|
|
Term
| relative contraindication |
|
Definition
| use caution in infusing fluids to patients with rales |
|
|
Term
| dopamine high dose action (3 what qualifies as high dose?) |
|
Definition
over 10mcg/kg/min -
*causes peripheral vasoconstriction
*increases inotropy and chronotropy
*increases bp by stimulating alpha and beta-1 receptors |
|
|
Term
| dopamine is contraindicated when? (2) |
|
Definition
hypovolemia
tachydysrhythmias |
|
|
Term
| dopamine moderate dose...defined as what? what are the actions of a moderate dose |
|
Definition
2-10mcg/kg/min.
Increases inotropy and may increase chronotropy.
Imcreases bp by stimulating beta-1 receptors increasing cardiac output with small increase in peripheral vascular resistance. |
|
|
Term
| dopamine low dose. what is a low dose? what are its actions |
|
Definition
low dose is 1-2mcg/kg/min.
*dilates renal and mesenteric arteries by stimulating dopaminergic receptors causing diuretic effect.
*may decrease bp due to vasodilation |
|
|
Term
| dopamine may be inactivated by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the even that the dopamine infusion must be terminated in the field, gradually taper off the IVPB infusion at |
|
Definition
|
|
