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2021 ICD-10-CM Guidelines: Section I
Conventions and General Coding Guidelines
61
Medical
Professional
07/13/2021

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Term
ICD-10-CM
Definition
International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification
Term
2021 guidelines apply to
Definition
Oct 1, 2020 to Sept 30, 2021
Term
4 approving organizations are
Definition
the Cooperating Parties for the ICD-10-CM

The American Hospital Association (AHA)
The American Health Information Management Assocation (AHIMA)
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)
Term
"The ________ and ______ take precedence over the guidelines."*
Definition
instructions and conventions
Term
Adherence to guidelines is required under _________
Definition
HIPAA
Term
Section I
Definition
"The conventions, general guidelines and chapter-specific guidelines are applicable to all health care settings unless otherwise indicated."*
Term
Section II
Definition
guidelines for selection of principal dx for non-outpatient settings
Term
Section III
Definition
guidelines for reporting additional dx in non-outpatient settings
Term
Section IV
Definition
outpatient coding and reporting
Term
"The conventions are general rules for use of the classification, independent of the ____."*
Definition
guidelines
Term
How many characters do categories have?
Definition
3
Term
How many characters do subcategories have?
Definition
4-5
Term
Codes may have __ to __ characters
Definition
3-7
Term
The X character is considered a ____
Definition
placeholder
Term
If the category requires a 7th character, a code without the 7th character is ____
Definition
invalid
Term
If a code that requires a 7th character is not 6 characters, a ______ must be used to fill the empty characters
Definition
placeholder X
Term
NEC
Definition
Not elsewhere classifiable
Term
When the Alphabetic Index doesn't provide a code to match the provider's specificity, the coder is directed the coder to the ________ ________code in the Tabular List."*
Definition
other specified
Term
NOS
Definition
Not otherwise specified

equivalent of unspecified
Term
[ ]
Definition
Brackets
Tabular use: "enclose synonyms, alternative wording or explanatory phrases"*

alphabetic index use:
identifies manifestation codes
Term
( ) used in Alphabetic Index
Definition
called nonessential modifiers

enclose supplementary words not required in provider's statement

For example, in the ICD-10-CM Alphabetic Index
under the main term Enteritis, “acute” is a nonessential modifier and
ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting
FY 2021
Page 9 of 126
“chronic” is a subentry. In this case, the nonessential modifier “acute”
does not apply to the subentry “chronic”.
Term
( ) used in Tabular List
Definition
nonessential modifier
Term
:
Definition
"Colons are used in the Tabular List after an incomplete term which needs
one or more of the modifiers following the colon to make it assignable to
a given category."*
Term
"other"
Definition
other or other specified codes

when medical record gives specificity that does not exist

For those
categories for which an unspecified code is not provided, the “other
specified” code may represent both other and unspecified.
Term
Alphabetic Index entries with NEC
Definition
designates uses of "other" in Tabular List

These Alphabetic Index
entries represent specific disease entities for which no specific code
exists, so the term is included within an “other” code.
Term
unspecified
Definition
Codes titled “unspecified” are for use when the information in the
medical record is insufficient to assign a more specific code. For those
categories for which an unspecified code is not provided, the “other
specified” code may represent both other and unspecified.
Term
Includes notes
Definition
gives examples of diagnoses coded under the 3 character code title, not an exhaustive list
Term
Excludes1
Definition
Pure excludes note
NOT CODED HERE!
The code in the excluded list should never be used at the same time as the code above the Excludes1 note.

Exception: when the 2 conditions are documented as unrelated to each other.
Term
Excludes2
Definition
Not included here

the condition excluded is not part of the condition represented by the code, but the pt may have both at the same time.
Term
Code first
Definition
an etiology/manifestation convention which will appear as instruction under the manifestation code

code the underlying condition first, before the manifestation.

The etiology code will have "use additional code" to refer coder to the manifestation code
Term
Use additional code
Definition
an etiology/manifestation convention which will appear on an etiology code.

This code is sequenced first, then coder adds the manifestation codes
Term
manifestation codes
Definition
are sequenced after the corresonding etiology

will include "in diseases classified elsewhere" in the code title
Term
"in disease classified elsewhere"
Definition
indicates this code is a manifestation code, and an etiology code is required
Term
etiology
Definition
(Dictionary.com)

The cause or origin of a disease
Term
manifestation
Definition
(Oxford Language Dictionary)

a symptom or sign of an ailment
Term
manifestations without "in diseases classified elsewhere" in the title
Definition
*"For such codes, there is a “use additional code” note at
the etiology code and a “code first” note at the manifestation code, and the
rules for sequencing apply"
Term
Name the 2 departments of the U.S. Federal Government's Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) that provide the guidelines for coding and reporting in the ICD-10-CM
Definition
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)

National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)
Term
sections or passages in " " followed by an *
Definition
are directly quoted from the ICD-10-CM FY2021 document.
Term
Etiology/manifestation codes have a specific structure in the Alphabetic index, with the etiology code listed first, followed by the manifestation in brackets.

What in the listing, G20, [F02.80] which is the etiology, which is the manifestation?
Definition
G20 is the etiology
F02.80 is the manifestation
Term
T/F
All "code first" and "use additional code" notes are etiology/manifestation combinations
Definition
No, sometimes they are used as sequencing rules only.
Term
"and" should be interpreted to mean
Definition
"and" or "or"
Term
"with" or "in" should be interpreted to mean _____________
in either the Alphabetic Index or the Tabular List.
Definition
"associated with" or "due to"
Term
Which terms presume a causal relationship and can be coded as such without specific documentation of the linkage?
Definition
"with"
"in"
unless a guideline requires the linking documentation, as in sepsis and organ failure
Term
What terms in the Alphabetic Index tells the coder that another main term may provide useful entries?
Definition
"See"
"See also"
Term
What term tells the coder that 2 codes might be necessary to describe the condition, without sequencing direction?
Definition
"code also"
Term
What type of code is the unspecified code for a condition?
Definition
default code
Term
Is a provider's documentation that a patient has a condition sufficient to code it, or must there be clinical criterion met in the encounter?
Definition
The provider's statement is enough
Term
How should a condition documented as acute (subacute) and chronic when there are separate subentries in the Alphabetic Index at the same indentation level?
Definition
Code both, sequence acute (subacute) first
Term
The residual effect after an acute phase of an illness is called a ___ or ___ __.
Definition
sequela or late effect
Term
What is the time limit for when sequelas may be coded?
Definition
There is no time limit
Term
Is a code for the acute phase of the illness or injury coded along with the sequela? (I63.9 with I69.351?)
Definition
No
Term
At discharge, impending or threatened conditions should not be coded unless __ or __.
Definition
the condition occurred,
or
the alphabetic index has a listing for impending or threatened for that condition
Term
If there is no code for bilateral, how do you code a bilateral condition?
Definition
By coding both the left and right side codes
Term
How do you code a bilateral condition in where it no longer exists on the treated side, and is not being treated in the current encounter?
Definition
Code only the side being treated which still exists
Term
Some chart metrics are documented by unacceptable providers such as a nurse or MA. When can these be used for coding?
Definition
The associated dx must be documented by the provider (Nurse's documentation of a BMI 43 is not coded without the provider documenting a weight related dx in the same encounter.
Other examples include :
depth of pressure ulcers
pressure ulcer stage
coma scale
NIH stroke scale
Term
Is it required for social determinants of health to be documented only by the acceptable provider of the encounter?
Definition
No, as this is social information, not medical diagnosis.
Term
Can patient reported information be used to assign codes for social determinants of health?
Definition
Yes, when it is signed-off and incorporated into the record by the acceptable provider.
Term
How do we code syndromes, when there is no alphabetic index guidance?
Definition
Code the manifestations that are documented.
Term
When is it appropriate to code a condition as a complication of other medical care or surgery?
Definition
When the provider documents a cause-and-effect relationship.
Term
How are "borderline" diagnoses coded?
Definition
If documented as borderline at time of discharge, the diagnosis is coded as confirmed UNLESS there is a code for "borderline" in the Alphabetic index (borderline diabetes).

borderline is NOT an uncertain dx, and so there is no distinction between inpatient and outpatient settings for this guideline.
Term
How should external cause of morbidity codes be used for injuries directly caused by cataclysmic events, such as a hurricane?
Definition
the injury is sequenced first, then the cataclysmic event sequenced as the first listed external cause of morbidity code.
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