Term
| What type of lumber is used in major league baseball bats? |
|
Definition
| white ash; shock resistant, strong and light wood |
|
|
Term
| What are some products made from PA hardwood? |
|
Definition
| cabinets, flooring, furniture, doors, and others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| some logs and lumber to other states and countries to manufacture |
|
|
Term
| Why is PA lumber some of the finest in the world? |
|
Definition
| beautiful texture and color; a renewable resource |
|
|
Term
| How many types of trees does PA have? |
|
Definition
| over 108 species grow naturally here |
|
|
Term
| What are some benefits to forests? |
|
Definition
| camping, hiking, fishing, watching wildlife |
|
|
Term
| Why are forests renewable? |
|
Definition
| forests that are well cared for can continuously provide benefits and materials we need |
|
|
Term
| What are some products of tress? |
|
Definition
| paper, chemicals, buildings, lumber (logs cut into long pieces called boards) |
|
|
Term
| What are the two categories of trees in PA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| broad, flat leaves that change color and drop in the fall; 85% of trees in PA are hardwood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| needles that stay green all year round; PA state tree, the eastern hemlock is a softwood |
|
|
Term
| What happens after trees are harvested? |
|
Definition
| transported by truck to the log yard at the sawmill; then sorted and stacked by species, length and quality |
|
|
Term
| What happens before logs are sawn? |
|
Definition
| they are run through a de-barker, which removes the bark; this prevents damage to the saw blade from soil and stones stuck in the bark |
|
|
Term
| Why does the sawmill use a metal detector? |
|
Definition
| to find old nails fencing and other metal objects that were attached at some point; these objects could damage the saw or injure a worker |
|
|
Term
| What about the by-products? |
|
Definition
bark - landscaping mulch;
sawdust - animal bedding and particleboard |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of trees are used for which products? |
|
Definition
lumber = 70%
paper products = 25%
other (veneer, bats, fences, cabin logs)= 5% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the curved sides that are cut off the logs to form four flat surfaces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lasers, computers or people called sawyers evaluated the logs for desired lumber |
|
|
Term
| How are individual boards created? |
|
Definition
| by varying the spacing of cuts; other saws square off the edges and cut boards to length |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cut into standard thicknesses and different widths and lengths |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bark, sawdust, slabs, wood chips; slabs and chips produce paper; any excess is fuel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hardwood is sorted appearance and beauty; defects like knots, splits, and decay reduces the value; sawing process removes some, but not all of these defects |
|
|
Term
| Pa has some of the most ____ forests in the US. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes forests valuable? |
|
Definition
| wood products; place for wildlife; clean air; peace and quiet; beauty and recreation |
|
|
Term
| Forests are renewable resources. Why? |
|
Definition
| forests provide continuous benefits |
|
|
Term
| How many people own forests in PA? |
|
Definition
| over half a million (500,000) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| better for wildlife; more light in the forest floor; more room for trees to grow; money |
|
|
Term
| How is a harvest planned? |
|
Definition
| the focus is on the trees that remain rather than those that are to be cut; the remaining trees and seedlings will benefit the forest for years to come so it is important to choose them well |
|
|
Term
| Why do trees grow bigger after a harvest? |
|
Definition
| lessens competition for soil nutrients and sunlight; trees grow bigger and faster when other trees do not crowd them; crown size increases (tree top)and allows more photosynthesis, producing more sugars to grow more quickly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| yes; harvesting is the best way to prevent insects and diseases from spreading to healthy trees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| help landowners make decsions about trees; measure trees for volume, quality and growth rate; create forest management plans; observe trees, soil, wildlife and streams |
|
|
Term
| What safety equipment is used by lumberers? |
|
Definition
| hard hats, eye and ear protection, bright safety jacket, gloves, safety chaps, safety shoes, |
|
|
Term
| What is in a forester's management plan? |
|
Definition
| what trees to harvest to keep forest healthy; how harvests should happen; minimizes negative effects. the forester marks the trees with paint to show the logger which ones to cut |
|
|
