Term
| In infants and children, most cardiac arrests result from what |
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Definition
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Term
| When preforming your initial impression what is examined |
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Definition
| consciousness, breathing, color |
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Term
| What does ABCDE acronym stand for |
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Definition
| Airway, breathing, Circulation, disability, exposure |
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Term
| what can happen if you overextend the head and neck in a infant |
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Definition
| it can occlude the airway |
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Term
| During CPR what is the preferred method for stabilizing the head |
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Definition
| manually instead of c-spine collar |
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Term
| How do you preform FBAO relief for infants? |
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Definition
| 5 back slaps and 5 chest thrusts |
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Term
| How do you preform FBAO relief or toddlers |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the age range for infant |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the age range for a toddler |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the age range for a Preschooler |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the age range for school age |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the age range for Adolescent |
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Definition
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Term
| When is it best to evaluate a respiratory rate on a infant/ toddler |
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Definition
| before a hands on assessment because of agitation might change the rate |
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Term
| What is the correct way to determine the resp rate in toddlers and infants |
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Definition
| Measure breaths over 30 seconds |
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Term
| when is it normal for infants to have an irregular breathing pattern |
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Definition
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Term
| This breathing rate is often the first sign of respiratory distress |
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Definition
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Term
| What is meant by quiet tachypnea |
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Definition
| tachypnea is present witout signs of increased respiratory effort |
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Term
| What is a generic reason for quiet tachypnea |
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Definition
| non-pulmonary problems- DKA, Fever, Sepsis |
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Term
| What are reasons for bradypnea |
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Definition
| cns injury or infection, hypothemia |
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Term
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Definition
| it is the cessation of breathing for 20 seconds |
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Term
| How many ml/kg is considered normal tidal volume |
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Definition
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Term
| what is minute ventilation and what is the formula for it |
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Definition
| Minute ventilation is the volume of air that moves into or out of the lungs each minute-- Minute ventilation=respiratory rate*tidal volume |
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Term
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Definition
| high pitched breathing sound typically heard on inspiration |
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Term
| this airway sound is a typically short, low-pitched sound heard during expiration |
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Definition
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Term
| This airway sound is bubbling sound heard during inspiration or expiration from a upper airway obstruction |
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Definition
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Term
| this airway sound is a high pitched or low pitched whistling or signing sound heard most often during expiration |
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Definition
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Term
| this airway sound is also known as rales and are sharp crackling inspiratory sounds |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the most common cause of bradycardia in children |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the normal cap refill time |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you properly evaluate capillary refill time |
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Definition
| lift the extremity slightly above the level of the heart, press on the skin and rapidly release |
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Term
| What type of shock could still give you a normal capillary refill time |
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Definition
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Term
| This skin color is described as paleness or lack of normal color in the skin or mucous membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| This skin color is common normal finding with newborns in which the hands and feet are a bluish discoloration |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most ominous sign of impending arrest with children |
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Definition
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Term
| this is inflammation of the brain caused by infection or allergic reaction |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| it is low arterial oxygen tension associated with low oxygen saturation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| define respiratory distress |
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Definition
| abnormal respiratory rate or effort |
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Term
| Define Respiratory failure |
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Definition
| inadequate oxygenation, ventilation or both |
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Term
| Where is the division between the upper and lower airway |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you manage an upper airway obstruction that caused by edema |
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Definition
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Term
| What does croup sound like? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the child or infant becomes unresponsive with a FBAO in place and still has a pulse, what should you do |
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Definition
| Start CPR, CPR might dislodge the FBAO |
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Term
| What is the ideal oxygen saturation for pediatrics |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Cushing triad- Increased temp, increased BP and decreased pulse |
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Term
| what is the formula for cardiac output |
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Definition
| cardiac output= stroke volume*HR |
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Term
| How do infants increase cardiac output |
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Definition
| primarily by increasing HR |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of low stroke volume |
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Definition
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Term
| myocardial dysfunction is also known as |
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Definition
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Term
| What defines compensated shock |
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Definition
| systolic BP is within normal range but there are signs of inadequate tissue perfusion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the hypotension formula for children between 1-10 |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cause of shock worldwide |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the typical pulse rate and pulse pressure you would see with cardiogenic shock |
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Definition
| tachycardia with narrow pulse pressure |
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Term
| What is the fluid delivery rate for a child who is in DKA with compensated shock |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the S&S for cardiogenic shock |
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Definition
| signs of poor perfusion, increased work of breathing, grunting respirations, distended neck veins, clinical deterioration in response to fluid resuscitation |
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Term
| what classes of drugs can help patients with cardiogenic shock |
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Definition
| vasodilator or inotropic therapy to reduce afterload and improve contractility |
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Term
| will high or low blood sugar more likely cause seizures in children |
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Definition
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Term
| severe diarrhea in a child can cause this acid/base imbalance |
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Definition
| metabolic acidosis because the diarrhea flushes out bicarbonate ions |
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Term
| What is hypoglycemia in neonates? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is hypoglycemai in infants through adolescents |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four different types of shock |
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Definition
| cardiogenic, hypovolemic, distributive, obstructive |
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Term
| what is the crystalloid to blood lost ratio for fluid resuscitation |
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Definition
| 1 mL of blood loss needs to be replaced with 3 mL of crystalloid |
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Term
| What is the vasoactive agent of choice for the child in septic shock who presents with vasodilated (warm) shock |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the biggest physiologic factor that affects stroke volume |
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Definition
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Term
| Cardiac Tamponade decreases filling to this filling and contraction to this area of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of shock is caused by ductal dependent lesions |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the different things that can cause a PE |
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Definition
| air, blood clot, fat, amniotic fluid, catheter fragment or injected material |
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Term
| How do you know if the IO is inserted properly |
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Definition
| by a lack of swelling around the insertion site |
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Term
| What is the name of the vein that brings drains the medullary center of the bone |
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Definition
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Term
| How far below the tibil tuberosity is the insertion site for the I.O |
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Definition
| 1-3 cm or about 1 fingers with below and medial to this bony prominence |
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Term
| What is the major problem with use of pressure bags |
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Definition
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Term
| How long can a I.O be used in the hospital setting |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| This is the result of congenital or acquired heart conditions that slow the spontaneous depolarization rate of the hearts normal pacemaker cells |
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Term
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Definition
| this is the result of noncardiac conditions that alter the normal function of the heart |
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Term
| What is the drug of choice for symptomatic bradycardia despite effective oxygentation and ventilation |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| when would you use atropine over epi for bradycardia |
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Definition
| for brady rhythms caused by increased vagal tone, organophosphates poisioning or complete av block |
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|
Term
| What is the dose for atropine in peds |
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Definition
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Term
| SVT in children and adults is a heart rate above |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the most common sign of SVT in pediatrics, |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some reasons for torsades de pointes |
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Definition
| hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia antiarrhythmic drug toxicity |
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|
Term
| what is the most common way to produce a vagal maneuver in kids |
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Definition
| ice water applied to the face for 15-20 seconds |
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|
Term
| when do you use synchronized shocks for cardioversion |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the first step in cardioverting |
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Definition
| Turn on the monitor- I know this is a stupid question but ive seen it on tests before |
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|
Term
| What is the inital shock dose for cardioversion with peds |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens if the first cardioversion shock does not work at .5-1 J/kg |
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Definition
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|
Term
| If adenosine is effective how long will it take to convert the rhythm |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Why does adenosine have such a short half life |
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Definition
| because endothelial and red blood cells metabolize the drug |
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|
Term
| what is an alternative vagal maneuver to try other than Ice pack? |
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Definition
| carotid sinus massage, or blow through a small straw |
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|
Term
| what is the first dose of adenosine |
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Definition
| 0.1 mg/kg to a max of 6 mg second dose is 0.2 mg/kg to a max of 12 mg |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| it is the cessation of blood circulaton resulting from absent or ineffective card vf5iac mechanical activity |
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|
Term
| what are the most common rhythms seen with pediatric cardiac arrest |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the chest compression depth on children |
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Definition
| 1/3 the depth of the chest or 2 inches |
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|
Term
| What is the chest compression depth on infants |
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Definition
| 1/3 the depth or 1 1/2 inches |
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|
Term
| what is the compression to ventilation ratio for children and infants |
|
Definition
| 2 rescuer is 15:2 and single rescuer is 30:2 |
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|
Term
| What does it mean if a patients PETCO2 is below 10 to 15 mm Hg? |
|
Definition
| Not much blood is getting to the lungs and CPR needs to improve |
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Term
| After a drug is administered down an ET tube, whats next? |
|
Definition
| Follow drug administration with 5 rapid positive pressure ventilation |
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Term
| What are the drugs that can get administered down the ET tube |
|
Definition
| LEAN- Lido, epi, atro, nitro and vasopressin |
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|
Term
| When should AED pediatric pads be used on a patient |
|
Definition
| less than 8 years of age or less than 25 kg of body weight |
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|
Term
| What is the pediatric defib dose |
|
Definition
| 2-4 j/kg not to exceed 10 j/kg |
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|
Term
| if the rescuer is unsure about the presence of a pulse, what should the rescuer do |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many cycles of 2 person CPR should be completed in 2 minutes |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the single most important factor influencing survival in drowning |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is the ped dose of methylprednisolone |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what mneumonic is used to troubleshoot acute deterioration in a mechanically ventilated patient |
|
Definition
| DOPE- Displacement (ET), obstruction, pneumothorax, equipment failure |
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|
Term
| What is the desired temp for therapeutic hypothermia |
|
Definition
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