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| the conversion of nitrogen (N2) from the atmosphere into a form readily available to plants |
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| the conversion of organic nitrogen back to ammonia by bacteria or fungi |
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| the oxidation of ammonia (NH3) by bacteria |
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| reduction of nitrites (NO2-) back into nitrogen gas (N2) |
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| Upon uptake of NH3 or NO3-, plants incorporate the N into various molecules |
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excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to runoff from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life and death of animal life from lack of oxygen.
Usable nitrogen makes it to a water body
High levels of nitrogen (NO3-, possibly from fertilizer)
Algae proliferates
Plankton (which include algae) dies
Bottom-feeders try to get busy |
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| In what form is N readily available for plant uptake? |
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bacteria that convert nitrogen into ammonia
Legume family (Fabaceae) |
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| enzyme that nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria use to reduce atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3). This is nitrogen fixation. |
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| In what molecular form can one find nitrogen in plants? |
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Proteins (enzymes [RUBISCO])
DNA/RNA
Secondary compounds
Other important molecules (i.e. Chlorophyl) |
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| Fungus can trap nematodes with “hyphal loops” |
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Another element that contributes to eutrophication
Another element that is needed by living things
Another element that needs to be transformed to e assimilated by living things |
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Fungi that help plant roots get nutrients, esp phosphorus
Plants share their food with them
90% of world’s plants have this
2 types
Endomycorrhizae (primary form): fungi grow inside root cells
Ectomycorrhizae: fungi grow outside root cells
Grow around and into plant roots |
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Important micronutrient
Helps nitrifying bacteria use nitrogenase |
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| Non-Timber Forest Products |
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All goods derived from forests of both plant and animal origin other than timber and firewood
Brazil nuts
Only humans and the agouti can open the fruit
Brazil nut tree: Bertholletia excelsa
Lowland forests of the Amazon basin and elsewhere
$33 million annual sales
What are the risks regarding the sustainability of the business of nut harvesting?
What important parameters would you like to know? And is there a way to find these out? |
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Is it human-induced?
CO2 levels rising since industrial age
Deforestation cause buildup of CO2
Highest CO2 levels in 400,000 years
Timeframe of the real and forecasted changes |
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From dead plants (especially seedless vascular) from carboniferous period(~300 mya)
Coal is one of the byproducts of coal combustion (so is power) |
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Uptake of heavy metals from the soil by certain plants
Ironically, often done on old mining sites
Can be a mining effort (phytomining or phytoextraction), and can make money |
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