Term
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Definition
| mononucleated layer of cells that is mitotically active forms new trophoblast cells that migrate into increasing mass of syncytiotrophoblast where they fuse and lose their cell membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| a rapidly expanding, multinucleated mass in which no cell has boundaries. produces hCG which maintains corpus luteum |
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Definition
| produced by syncytiotrophoblast and enters maternal blood in lacunae. maintains activity of corpus luteum in ovary. Basis of pregnancy test |
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Term
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Definition
| becomes the primary yolk sac |
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Term
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Definition
| extraembryonic mesoderm increases and isolated spaces appear within it which fuse to form a large cavity called extraembryonic coelom. |
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Term
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Definition
| appear in syncytiotrophoblast.filled with mixture of maternal blood from endometrial capillaries and secretions from eroded uterine glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| secretes estrogen and progesterone to maintain the pregnancy |
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Term
| Uteroplacental Circulation |
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Definition
| when maternal blood flows into lacunae, oxygen and nutritive substances become available to the embryo. |
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Term
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Definition
| endometrial connective tissue undergo transformation by accumulating glycogne and lipid in the cytoplasm...allows immunological privilege to conceptus |
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Term
| Human Chorionic Gonadotropin |
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Definition
| 57,000 MW with alpha beta subunits produced by syncytiotrophoblast. enters maternal blood circulation. prevents degeneration of corpus luteum. |
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Term
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Definition
| cell surface antigens that normally appear only on embryonic cells but also express themselves in human malignant cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion. Normally producedduring fetal development, butproduction stops before birth. used to determine recurrences of carcinomas after surgery |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by liver and yolk sac. high levels may indicate and abnormal development. may be produced by some tumors as well. |
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Term
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Definition
| induces abortion if taken during first 3 months of pregnancy. blocks the action of progesterone. usually taken with prostaglandin. |
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Term
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Definition
| causes vaginal bleeding (antepartum haemorrhage) placenta implants over the cervix |
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Term
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Definition
Previous placenta previa, caesarean delivery, or abortion.
-Women who are younger than 20 are at higher risk and women older than 30 are at increasing risk as they get older.
-Women with a large placentae from twins.
-Women who smoke or use cocaine may be at higher risk. |
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Term
| Inhibition of Implantation |
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Definition
| estrogens can prevent implantation of blastocyst but not fertilization. *Diethylstilbestrol |
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Term
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Definition
| inside uterus through vagina and cervix interferes with implantation causing inflammatory reaction. some have progesterone. |
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Term
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Definition
| protection of conceptus involves down-regulation of MHC class I antigen expression on trophoblast. immunosuppresive environment of uterus. |
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Term
| Decidual cell protection of conceptus |
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Definition
| produce locally active immunosuppressor molecules like prostaglandins E2 which prevent activationof the cells and NK cells within decidua. |
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