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2 Development
n/a
50
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
12/11/2011

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Term
Authoritarian parenting style
Definition
restrictive parenting; insist on obedience, rigid rules; no explanations and insensitivity. Preschoolers were moody; easily annoyed, unfriendly, less motivated
Term
Authoritative parenting style
Definition
: assume control with flexibility; reasonable demands; provide reasons for rules/decisions. Preschoolers were cheerful, socially responsible; achievement oriented and cooperative
Term
Permissive parenting style
Definition
: accepting and lax with few demands; little monitoring; few controls. Preschoolers were impulsive, aggressive, bossy self centered, low in independence and achievement
Term
Uninvolved parenting style
Definition
removed or hostile parenting; overwhelmed with own stressors have little time or energy to parent. Children high in aggression, temper tantrums, perform poorly in classroom.
Term
Harlow Monkey Studies
Definition
Attachment Deprivation
Reared monkeys in isolation or with a surrogate mother
After 6 months sent back to colony
Isolated monkeys showed indifference, were terrified or were aggressive with other monkeys, failed to form relationships with opposite sex, were abusive to their offspring
Term
Adolescent growth spurt
Definition
rapid growth in height and weight as the body is preparing for hormonal shifts/maturation
Term
Adolescent growth spurt
Definition
rapid growth in height and weight as the body is preparing for hormonal shifts/maturation
Term
Asynchrony
Definition
certain body parts grow at different speeds leading to a lack of proportion
Term
Prefrontal Cortex
Definition
final maturation of the prefrontal cortex takes place in late adolescence. This area is responsible for organization, planning, emotional regulation and impulse control.
Term
Puberty
Definition
sexual functions reach maturity, impacts social and emotional development
Term
Menarche
Definition
first occurrence of menstruation
Term
Spermarche
Definition
first occurrence of ejaculation
Term
Early maturing males have
Definition
positive self-concepts
Term
Early maturing females
Definition
greater chance of depression, anxiety, eating disorders
Term
Adolescent Egocentricism
Definition
way of thinking the world is focused on themselves
Term
Imaginary Audience
Definition
belief that everyone in the environment is concerned with the behavior/appearance of him/herself
Term
Personal Fable
Definition
view him/herself as somehow unique or heroic
Term
Conflict
Definition
most conflict with parents occurs about chores and dress style than sex/drugs
Term
Assimilation
Definition
how to fit new information into the present system of knowledge
Term
Accommodation
Definition
existing structures don’t fit so a child must develop new schemas
Term
Jean Piaget and Cognitive Development
Definition
Individuals must progress through stages in a particular order, stages build on each other
Progress is strongly related to age
How a child thinks, including reasoning, remembering and problem solving
Term
Sensorimotor
Definition
(birth-2 years)
Infants learn through concrete motor actions; by toughing, tasting and smelling
Accomplish object permanence (6 months)
Develop capacity for mental imagery
Organize information into categories
Term
Preoperational
Definition
2-7 years
Gradually improve in mental images
Can pretend
Action oriented
Develop representational thought
Have not mastered conservation: basic properties of an object remain stable even if superficial properties change
Term
Flaws of thinking in Preoperational Children: Centration
Definition
focus on one aspect of a problem and neglect other aspects
Term
Flaws of thinking in Preoperational Children Irreversibility
Definition
inability to envision reversing an action
Term
Flaws of thinking in Preoperational Children Egocentricism
Definition
thinking characterized by a limited ability to share another person’s point of view
Term
Concrete Operations
Definition
(7-11)
The child performs operations on tangible objects and events
Show increased flexibility in thinking
Can begin to see cause and effect
Masters reversibility and decentration
Can retrace thoughts
Term
Formal Operations
Definition
(12-up)

Begin to see abstract resoning
Understand metaphor and deductive reasoning
Become more systemative in thinking
Can discuss moral values
Term
Theory of lifespan development
Definition
Believes each stage involves a psychosocial crisis: a transition which is organized around social relationships and that personality is determined by these stages
Term
Heteronomous Morality
Definition
(ages 4-7)

Rules are subject to another’s laws
What you are told is right or wrong
Rules are absolute and real
Term
Autonomous Morality
Definition
(7 years and up)
One is subject to his/her own law
Things aren’t all right or wrong
A child can consider intentionality
Term
Heinz dilemma
Definition
Heinz dilemma is that his wife was dying and a drug seller was selling the drug for 10x the normal amount but Heinz couldn’t get enough money to buy the drug so he steals it
Term
Fluid Intelligence
Definition
basic information processing skills, is more likely to decline with age
Term
Crystallized Intelligence
Definition
application of accumulated knowledge remains more stable
Term
Langer and Rodin study
Definition
Maintaining a sense of control over one’s life leads to greater psychological well-being in the elderly
Term
Ways to promote Healthy Aging
Definition
Promote companionship
Take vitamin supplements
Stay active physically and intellectually
Term
Stage 1 Trust versus mistrust
Definition
Is my world predictable and supportive?
1
Term
Stage 2 Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Definition
Can i do things myself or must I always rely on others?
2-3
Term
Stage 3 Initiative versus guilt
Definition
Am i good or am i bad?
4-6
Term
Stage 4 Industry versus inferiority
Definition
Am i competent or am i worthless
6-puberty
Term
Stage 5 Identity versus confusion
Definition
Who am i and where am i going?
Adolescence
Term
Stage 6 Intimacy versus isolation
Definition
Shall i share my life with another or live alone?
Early Adulthood
Term
Stage 7 Generativity versus self-absorbtion
Definition
Will i produce something of real value?
Middle adulthood
Term
Stage 8 Integrity versus despair
Definition
Have i lived a full life?
Late adulthood
Term
Stage 1 Punishment Orientation
Definition
Right and wrong is determined by what is punished
preconventional level
Term
Stage 2 Naive reward orientation
Definition
Right and wrong is determined by what is rewarded
Preconventional level
Term
Stage 3 Good boy/good girl orientation
Definition
Right and wrong is determined by close others' approval or disapproval
conventional level
Term
stage 4 authority orientation
Definition
right and wrong is determined by society's rules and laws, which should be obeyed rigidly
conventional level
Term
Stage 5 social contract orientation
Definition
right and wrong is determined by society's rules which are viewed as fallible rather than absolute
postconventional level
Term
stage 6 individual principles and conscience orientation
Definition
right and wrong is determined by abstract ethical principles that emphasize equity and justice
postconventional level
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